Background

Elderly patients have higher risks for complications during Ramadan fasting. Educating patients is essential for fasting safely.

Aim

To evaluate the impact of pre-Ramadan education in reducing risk of hypoglycemia and achieving glycemic control in elderly.

Methods

A prospective study carried out in outpatients clinics of Internal Medicine department in Assiut university hospital. It included 316 type 2 diabetic patients who intended to fast. They were grouped into 2 groups; < 65 years and ≥ 65 years patients. The patients received pre-Ramadan individual education sessions. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data to stratify the risk of fasting. The study was carried out in 3 phases. Assessment of hypoglycemia and biochemical parameters after the education was the primary outcome.

Results

Fasting blood glucose decreased during and after Ramadan in elderly significantly (p = 0.0001 …

Purpose

We compared the arthroscopic wafer procedure (AWP) and ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) for treatment of idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome in terms of clinical, functional improvement and time of return to work.

Methods

This single-center study was conducted at an academic level 1 referral center between 2014 and 2020. Sixty patients with idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome were prospectively randomized to treatment with either AWP or USO. At the final follow-up, patients were evaluated by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; the Modified Mayo Wrist Score; the visual analog scale for pain; wrist range of motion; and grip strength. Also, the time of return to work and complications were reported.

Results

The mean follow-up periods were 22 ± 5.7 months in the AWP group and 21.1 ± 5.3 months in the USO group. All patients in the USO group achieved union by 12 weeks. At the final follow …

Objective: When more than one primary tumor presents in the same patient, multiple
primary malignancies (MPMs) are diagnosed. The incidence of MPMs has increased due to the
progress in diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. MPMs are a clinical situation defined as the
diagnosis of more than one histologically proven tumor within the same patient. The recent advances
in diagnostic modalities, treatment, in addition to the cancer screening programs led to a substantial
rise in the incidence of MPMs. Management of patients with MPMs is highly challenging and highlights
the role of multidisciplinary tumor board management.
Patients and Methods: This report represents the clinicopathological features of 8 patients
with MPMs from 2018 to 2021. We used Warren and Gate’s criteria of classification of MPMs as
synchronous or metachronous.
Results: A total of 2145 patients with malignant tumors presented to our Department from 2018
to 2021, while cases with histologically proven MPMs represented (0.37%) of the total cohort of patients.
The mean age of the patients was 59.87 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1 (Figure 1). Solid
tumors were the predominate in 6 cases (75%) as the first tumor, and as the second one in 7 patients
(87.5%), while hematological tumors presented only in 2 cases (25%) as the first primary tumor and
in 1 patient (12.5%) as the second tumor (Figure 2, 3). Hodgkin Disease (HD) and breast cancer represented
the most common primary tumors in (50%) and (25%) cases, respectively, while breast cancer
was diagnosed as a second tumor in (25%) of the patients. Metachronous MPMs constituted (75%) of
cases, while 25% of cases were synchronous (Figure 4, 5).
Conclusions: The MPMs are proven not to be a rare diagnosis and is forecasted to show a steady
increase in the incidence based on the progress in the diagnostic procedures. Meticulous follow up and
the tackling of patients’ symptoms are imperative in the early detection and proper management.

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the phonatory function of recovered COVID-19 survivors. The universal outbreak of COVID-19 led to the occurrence of otolaryngological manifestations that raised concerns about the assessment of the phonatory function in recovering patients.

Methods

This is a prospective, cross-sectional, case-controlled study carried out on 364 laboratory-confirmed non-critical COVID-19 survivors and 100 as healthy controls. The study participants were classified into two groups according to the disease severity. Group1 comprised 212 survivors who recovered from pneumonia and group 2 was made up of 152 survivors of severe pneumonia. All patients were subjected to an auditory perceptual assessment of the voice (APA) and Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) measurements.

Results

Phonasthenic manifestations were significantly more frequent in COVID-19 survivors than in controls (P …

Abstract: Favipiravir is a potential antiviral drug undergoing clinical trials to manage various viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Favipiravir possesses
viruses do not have vaccines or authorized antiviral drugs for the management of diseases resulting from their infection, hence the dire need to accentuate the discovery of antiviral drugs that are effi- cacious and have a broad spectrum. Favipiravir acts primarily by blocking inward and outward movements of the virus from cells. Favipiravir is a prodrug undergoing intracellular phosphoryla- tion and ribosylation to form an active form, favipiravir-RTP, which binds viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Considering the novel mechanism of favipiravir action, especially in managing viral infections, it is vital to pay more attention to the promised favipiravir hold in the management of SARS-CoV-2, its efficacy, and dosage regimen, and interactions with other drugs.

In conclusion, favipiravir possesses antiviral properties against RNA viruses, including COVID-19. Favipiravir is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection through inhibition of RdRp. Pre-clinical and large-scalp prospective studies are recommended for efficacy and long-term safety of favipiravir in COVID-19.

Viral hepatitis is caused by a heterogenous group of viral agents representing a wide range of phylogenetic groups. Many viruses can involve the liver and cause liver injury but only a subset are delineated as ‘hepatitis viruses’ based upon their primary site of replication and tropism for hepatocytes which make up the bulk of the liver cell popu- lation. Since their discovery, beginning with the agent that caused serum hepatitis in the 1960s, the alphabetic designations have been utilized. To date, we have five hepa- titis viruses, A through E, though it is postulated that others may exist. This chapter will focus on those viruses. Note that hepatitis D is included as a subset of hepatitis B, as it cannot exist without concurrent hepatitis B infection. Pregnancy has the po- tential to affect all aspects of these viral agents due to the unique immunologic and physiologic changes that occur during and after the gestational period. In this review, we will discuss the most common viral hepatitis and their effects during pregnancy

Tenacibaculosis occurs due to the marine bacterial pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum. This ulcerative disease causes high mortalities for various marine fish species worldwide. Several external clinical signs can arise, including mouth erosion, epidermal ulcers, fin necrosis, and tail rot. Research in the last 15 years has advanced knowledge on the traits and pathogenesis mechanisms of T. maritimum. Consequently, significant progress has been made in defining the complex host-pathogen relationship. Nevertheless, tenacibaculosis pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Continued research is urgently needed, as demonstrated by recent reports on the re-emerging nature of tenacibaculosis in salmon farms globally. Current sanitary conditions compromise the development of effective alternatives to antibiotics, in addition to hindering potential preventive measures against tenacibaculosis. The present review compiles knowledge of T. maritimum reported after the 2006 review by Avendaño-Herrera and colleagues. Essential aspects are emphasized, including antigenic and genomic characterizations and molecular diagnostic procedures. Further summarized are the epidemiological foundations of the T. maritimum population structure and elucidations as to the virulence mechanisms of pathogenic isolates, as found using biological, microbiological, and genomic techniques. This comprehensive source of reference will undoubtable serve in tenacibaculosis prevention and control within the marine fish farming industry. Lastly, knowledge gaps and valuable research areas are indicated as potential guidance for future studies.

Background: Meningitis is one of the most dangerous infection affecting children. The need for rapid and accurate diagnosis is mandatory for improving the outcome. Aim of the work: to evaluate the role of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum procalcitonin (PCT) in diagnosis of meningitis and to detect its accuracy.

Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in University Children hospital, Faculty of Medicine, between November 2019 and September 2020. The study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, and informed written consent was obtained. The committee's reference number is 17200161. Clinicaltrials. gov ID: NCT03387969. 48 Children aged 2 to 18 years with meningitis were included. Detailed history and examination. Blood glucose level at time of admission prior to lumbar puncture, serum CRP level, serum PCT, CSF-CRP level and Multiplex PCR were evaluated.