The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of delaying maturation by extended culture of immature bovine oocytes in prematuration medium (PMC) containing single maturation inhibitor on their meiotic resumption and embryonic development. Bovine immature oocytes were cultured in M199 containing 10 μM of either inhibitor (roscovitine, cilostamide, or forskolin) for either 72 or 120 h followed by up to 48 h in maturation media supplemented with 7.5 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/luteinizing hormone (LH). Two control groups were used. In untreated control, immature oocytes were cultured in the same medium as the experimental group without any inhibitors. In the FSH/LH control group, oocytes were cultured directly in the maturation medium supplemented with FSH/LH up to 48 h. In vitro matured oocytes were then inseminated with frozen-thawed bull sperm. Fertilization, defined as two-cell division 48 h post-insemination, and blastocyst formation were recorded. Total maturation rate for the 72-h group was 73%, 70%, 66%, and 69% for roscovitine, forskolin, cilostamide, and FSH/LH control, respectively, with no significant difference indicating that inhibitors have no negative effect on the oocyte maturation rate. The total fertilization rate for the 72-h group revealed that cilostamide (47%) and roscovitine (35%) were significantly higher than FSH/LH control (20%). The total blastocyst formation rates per inseminated oocytes revealed that among treatment groups, roscovitine (20%) had significantly higher rate than forskolin (9%). Overall, 72-h exposure period had better outcomes than 120 h in all the treated groups. In conclusion, prematuration culture of the bovine oocytes in the presence of maturation inhibitor for 72-h period at 10 μM concentration is sufficient in improving the bovine oocyte developmental competence

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Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of using vaginal misoprostol for management of first trimester spontaneous incomplete abortion as an alternative to direct vaginal surgical evacuation in our setting. Methods: This is a prospective comparative study performed on 147 patients with first trimester incomplete abortion between 8 and 12 weeks requesting medical management. They were divided into two groups according to patients’ choice; group (I) received misoprostol tablet 400 mcg (Cytotec, Serono) every 4 h for a maximum of three doses while group (II) underwent surgical vaginal evacuation directly under general anesthesia. Only 54 patients in group I and 51 patients in group II completed their follow up and included in the analysis. Results: Although vaginal surgical evacuation was successful in solving the problem in 100% of cases, misoprostol was successful in 79.6% (p= 0.0006). The overall satisfaction was slightly higher in the surgical group but almost equal percentage of both groups mentioned that they will recommend the method to a friend. No serious side effects or complications were reported in the misoprostol group. The incidence of excessive post-abortive bleeding was more in the misoprostol group than in the surgical evacuation group (p =0.0336). Also endometrium using transvaginal ultrasonography was significantly thicker in the misoprostol group than in group II (p= 0.0071) but with no clinical importance as it was not associated with severe vaginal bleeding necessitating medical or surgical interventions. Conclusion Although vaginal surgical evacuation is more effective than misoprostol in solving the problem still medical treatment is effective and acceptable especially when surgical management is not available or risky or patients refuse to undergo surgical management.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of using vaginal misoprostol for management of first trimester spontaneous incomplete abortion as an alternative to direct vaginal surgical evacuation in our setting. Methods: This is a prospective comparative study performed on 147 patients with first trimester incomplete abortion between 8 and 12 weeks requesting medical management. They were divided into two groups according to patients’ choice; group (I) received misoprostol tablet 400 mcg (Cytotec, Serono) every 4 h for a maximum of three doses while group (II) underwent surgical vaginal evacuation directly under general anesthesia. Only 54 patients in group I and 51 patients in group II completed their follow up and included in the analysis. Results: Although vaginal surgical evacuation was successful in solving the problem in 100% of cases, misoprostol was successful in 79.6% (p= 0.0006). The overall satisfaction was slightly higher in the surgical group but almost equal percentage of both groups mentioned that they will recommend the method to a friend. No serious side effects or complications were reported in the misoprostol group. The incidence of excessive post-abortive bleeding was more in the misoprostol group than in the surgical evacuation group (p =0.0336). Also endometrium using transvaginal ultrasonography was significantly thicker in the misoprostol group than in group II (p= 0.0071) but with no clinical importance as it was not associated with severe vaginal bleeding necessitating medical or surgical interventions. Conclusion Although vaginal surgical evacuation is more effective than misoprostol in solving the problem still medical treatment is effective and acceptable especially when surgical management is not available or risky or patients refuse to undergo surgical management.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of using vaginal misoprostol for management of first trimester spontaneous incomplete abortion as an alternative to direct vaginal surgical evacuation in our setting. Methods: This is a prospective comparative study performed on 147 patients with first trimester incomplete abortion between 8 and 12 weeks requesting medical management. They were divided into two groups according to patients’ choice; group (I) received misoprostol tablet 400 mcg (Cytotec, Serono) every 4 h for a maximum of three doses while group (II) underwent surgical vaginal evacuation directly under general anesthesia. Only 54 patients in group I and 51 patients in group II completed their follow up and included in the analysis. Results: Although vaginal surgical evacuation was successful in solving the problem in 100% of cases, misoprostol was successful in 79.6% (p= 0.0006). The overall satisfaction was slightly higher in the surgical group but almost equal percentage of both groups mentioned that they will recommend the method to a friend. No serious side effects or complications were reported in the misoprostol group. The incidence of excessive post-abortive bleeding was more in the misoprostol group than in the surgical evacuation group (p =0.0336). Also endometrium using transvaginal ultrasonography was significantly thicker in the misoprostol group than in group II (p= 0.0071) but with no clinical importance as it was not associated with severe vaginal bleeding necessitating medical or surgical interventions. Conclusion Although vaginal surgical evacuation is more effective than misoprostol in solving the problem still medical treatment is effective and acceptable especially when surgical management is not available or risky or patients refuse to undergo surgical management.