Background The study aimed to define the frequencies of type 1 diabetes-associated gene polymorphisms and their associations with various diabetes-associated autoantibodies in Egyptian children. Methods One hundred and one children with type 1 diabetes and 160 healthy controls from the same region were studied for HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA- DRB1 (DR4 subtypes) alleles; for INS and protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 gene polymorphisms (rs689 and rs2476601); and for diabetes-associated