The image of a place is subjective and open to change: it depends on an individual's perspective and cultural background. Notwithstanding years of research on destination image, no attempt has been made so far to evaluate the Muslim-Friendly Tourist Destination Image (MFTDI) in the travel and hospitality industry, in which Muslim visitors not only evaluate cognitive and emotional attributes but also Muslim-friendly attributes. In this research a qualitative research and literature review was carried out to develop the items of the proposed scale. The study began with a pilot study in which a committee of experts, and focus groups reduced the topic quantitatively and qualitatively. A follow-up quantitative assessment was then carried out to evaluate and authenticate the suggested scale, using two studies (n1 = 481 and n2 = 269). The significance of the proposed scale was conceptually justified. The scale measured reliability, discriminant validity, convergent validity, and external validity. As a result, the outcomes suggest that the 31 items to be considered fall into three factor categories: cognitive, emotional, and Muslim-friendly qualities. Finally, this paper assesses the article's significant implications for theory and practice, as well as its limitations.

While COVID-19 has presented significant challenges, it has also facilitated the integration of digital technologies and generated prospects that have revived the emphasis on sustainable and ecologically conscious methodologies. But no effort has so far been made to grasp the interrelationships linking digital transformation technologies, green supply chain management (GSCM), and supply chain capabilities (i.e., SC agility and resilience) using dynamic capability theory in emerging markets like Egypt. The present article, besides attempting this task, explores the moderating role of COVID-19 fear-uncertainty in the link between digital transformation technologies and GSCM. To achieve this, a mixed-methods approach was taken to examine five hypotheses using a sample of 311 managers from industrial companies in Egypt. The theoretical framework was assessed with the partial least squares-based structural equation model (PLS-SEM) using Smart PLS. The outcomes revealed that second-order digital transformation directly impacts on GSCM. GSCM itself also positively affects SC agility and resilience. Furthermore, GSCM plays a mediating role in linking digital transformation technologies with SC agility and resilience. Lastly, it showed that COVID-19 fear-uncertainty moderates the direct influence of digital transformation on GSCM. In this regard, the outcomes are beneficial for decision-makers investing in the digital transformation of their SC processes. Finally, this article reviews the limitations but also assesses the substantial contributions to theory and practice made by the paper.

Because Islamophobia has increased recently, Muslim tourists, who make up a crucial part of the global tourism market, prefer to travel to Muslim-friendly places. However, the perceived Muslim-friendly tourist destination image (MFTDI) remains completely unaddressed in the literature. Furthermore, there is no systematic empirical evidence concerning the impacts of the MFTDI on perceived value, satisfaction and Muslim actual visit behaviour. As a result, the purpose of this investigation is to define the multiple components of MFTDI, to explore the interrelationships within the MFTDI, value, satisfaction and Muslim actual visit behaviour, and to design and test a theoretical framework for the outcomes of MFTDI in the travel industry. To do so, nine hypotheses were established and evaluated using a survey of 576 Muslim travellers of different nationalities. The findings indicate that the dimensions of the proposed MFTDI model are critical for improving Muslim travellers' actual visit behaviours in the travel industry.