Canola plantations are considered as an important r eservoir of several arthropod pests and natural ene mies. Two canola cultivars (Serw and Bactol) were cultivated during 2011/2012 growing season at Assiut Governora te. Sixteen arthropod species belonging to 12 families and 6 orders, rather than the predatory true spider were recorded. The collected species were divided into: 7 phytopahgous; 5 predators; 2 parasitoids and 2 be neficial species. The cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. ; the peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and their parasitoids Diaeretiella rapae (McIntoch) and Praon nicans (Mac kauer) in addition to thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind. c onstituted the most frequent, dominant and abundant species inhabiting canola plantations. The phytophagous group constituted more than 85%, while the predatory one's constituted less than 14%. The abovementioned species were found to be active from the last week of February till harvesting after (April 9). Concerning the aphi d parasitism, the first appearance of aphid parasitized mummies b y D. rapae and/or P. nicans was recorded in the sec ond half of March. The greatest parasitism percentage was recor ded on April 9 with an average of 79.5% and 77.58% on Serw and Bactol cultivars, respectively. Both of the tested cultivars were appeared as susceptible (S) to o nion Thrips T. tabaci and showed different resistance categories t o aphid species. This study needs more attention by plant breeders to transfer genes responsible for resistan ce to the newly produced and/or improved cultivars.

Bolting tendency in the facultative perennial species Beta vulgaris, which exhibits large intraspecific variation in bolting tendency, is a complex character governed by various environmental cues and multiple genetic factors. Significant variations in bolting time among annual Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima accessions were found. Three F2 populations derived from crosses between six annual beet accessions were analyzed for bolting tendency. Two populations (Bm38 and Bm49) exhibited phenotypic segregation ratios of 3:1 early-bolting and late-bolting which is expected for dominant-recessive inheritance of a monogenic trait. Phenotypic segregation ratio of the third population Bm49 was 15:1, early-bolting: late-bolting, which is expected for digenic dominant-recessive inheritance suggests the presence of a yet unidentified locus (LB2) which affects bolting time in annual Beta vulgaris.

There are great needs to establish a local breeding program for sugar beet to select genotypes tolerant to the environmental condition dominating Egypt. It is essential to establish a database of the required process needed to induce sugar beet to flower under the Egyptian conditions. This work was carried out during 2002– 2003 and 2003–2004 growing seasons to study the effect of vernalization duration and day-length extension on floral induction and fertility of some imported sugar beet cultivars. The experiment was carried out at Assiut University Experimental Farm at latitude of 27°N. Ten diploid cultivars imported from USA were used namely: C 14, C 146, C 205, C 211, C 221, C 261, C 283, C 9622, C 9720, US H11. Roots were grown in field for 5 months then vernalized at 4°C for three periods of 30, 45 and 60 days. The roots were then replanted in the field. Day-length extension treatment was secured by artificial illumination to extend day-length to 14 hours/day. The average light intensity above the soil was approximately 2222 Foot -candle. Extended day- length started 3 weeks after replanting and lasted for 45 days. Roots were also replanted under natural day-length conditions to serve as the second day- length treatment. The data recorder were; Bolting%, number of days from transplanting to bolting, pollen viability estimated as % of germinated pollen grains, single plant seed yield (gm), seed index (100 seeds), and seed germination%. The experimental design was a split block with 4 replicates. Each of the two day-length extension treatments was treated as a separate experiment. Within each experiment vernalization duration was assigned to the main plots and cultivars were allocated as the sub-plots. The results indicated that day-length extension and vernalization treatments had significant effect on the flowering of the cultivars. The response of the cultivars varied according to the combinations of the treatments. The results also indicated that the flowered cultivars maintained acceptable levels of pollen viability, seed setting and seed germination that could allow for the beginning of a breeding program. There are needs for further examination of other genetic materials to secure a successful sugar beet breeding program

There are great needs to establish a local breeding program for sugar beet to select genotypes tolerant to the environmental condition dominating Egypt. It is essential to establish a database of the required process needed to induce sugar beet to flower under the Egyptian conditions. This work was carried out during 2002– 2003 and 2003–2004 growing seasons to study the effect of vernalization duration and day-length extension on floral induction and fertility of some imported sugar beet cultivars. The experiment was carried out at Assiut University Experimental Farm at latitude of 27°N. Ten diploid cultivars imported from USA were used namely: C 14, C 146, C 205, C 211, C 221, C 261, C 283, C 9622, C 9720, US H11. Roots were grown in field for 5 months then vernalized at 4°C for three periods of 30, 45 and 60 days. The roots were then replanted in the field. Day-length extension treatment was secured by artificial illumination to extend day-length to 14 hours/day. The average light intensity above the soil was approximately 2222 Foot -candle. Extended day- length started 3 weeks after replanting and lasted for 45 days. Roots were also replanted under natural day-length conditions to serve as the second day- length treatment. The data recorder were; Bolting%, number of days from transplanting to bolting, pollen viability estimated as % of germinated pollen grains, single plant seed yield (gm), seed index (100 seeds), and seed germination%. The experimental design was a split block with 4 replicates. Each of the two day-length extension treatments was treated as a separate experiment. Within each experiment vernalization duration was assigned to the main plots and cultivars were allocated as the sub-plots. The results indicated that day-length extension and vernalization treatments had significant effect on the flowering of the cultivars. The response of the cultivars varied according to the combinations of the treatments. The results also indicated that the flowered cultivars maintained acceptable levels of pollen viability, seed setting and seed germination that could allow for the beginning of a breeding program. There are needs for further examination of other genetic materials to secure a successful sugar beet breeding program

There are great needs to establish a local breeding program for sugar beet to select genotypes tolerant to the environmental condition dominating Egypt. It is essential to establish a database of the required process needed to induce sugar beet to flower under the Egyptian conditions. This work was carried out during 2002– 2003 and 2003–2004 growing seasons to study the effect of vernalization duration and day-length extension on floral induction and fertility of some imported sugar beet cultivars. The experiment was carried out at Assiut University Experimental Farm at latitude of 27°N. Ten diploid cultivars imported from USA were used namely: C 14, C 146, C 205, C 211, C 221, C 261, C 283, C 9622, C 9720, US H11. Roots were grown in field for 5 months then vernalized at 4°C for three periods of 30, 45 and 60 days. The roots were then replanted in the field. Day-length extension treatment was secured by artificial illumination to extend day-length to 14 hours/day. The average light intensity above the soil was approximately 2222 Foot -candle. Extended day- length started 3 weeks after replanting and lasted for 45 days. Roots were also replanted under natural day-length conditions to serve as the second day- length treatment. The data recorder were; Bolting%, number of days from transplanting to bolting, pollen viability estimated as % of germinated pollen grains, single plant seed yield (gm), seed index (100 seeds), and seed germination%. The experimental design was a split block with 4 replicates. Each of the two day-length extension treatments was treated as a separate experiment. Within each experiment vernalization duration was assigned to the main plots and cultivars were allocated as the sub-plots. The results indicated that day-length extension and vernalization treatments had significant effect on the flowering of the cultivars. The response of the cultivars varied according to the combinations of the treatments. The results also indicated that the flowered cultivars maintained acceptable levels of pollen viability, seed setting and seed germination that could allow for the beginning of a breeding program. There are needs for further examination of other genetic materials to secure a successful sugar beet breeding program

There are great needs to establish a local breeding program for sugar beet to select genotypes tolerant to the environmental condition dominating Egypt. It is essential to establish a database of the required process needed to induce sugar beet to flower under the Egyptian conditions. This work was carried out during 2002– 2003 and 2003–2004 growing seasons to study the effect of vernalization duration and day-length extension on floral induction and fertility of some imported sugar beet cultivars. The experiment was carried out at Assiut University Experimental Farm at latitude of 27°N. Ten diploid cultivars imported from USA were used namely: C 14, C 146, C 205, C 211, C 221, C 261, C 283, C 9622, C 9720, US H11. Roots were grown in field for 5 months then vernalized at 4°C for three periods of 30, 45 and 60 days. The roots were then replanted in the field. Day-length extension treatment was secured by artificial illumination to extend day-length to 14 hours/day. The average light intensity above the soil was approximately 2222 Foot -candle. Extended day- length started 3 weeks after replanting and lasted for 45 days. Roots were also replanted under natural day-length conditions to serve as the second day- length treatment. The data recorder were; Bolting%, number of days from transplanting to bolting, pollen viability estimated as % of germinated pollen grains, single plant seed yield (gm), seed index (100 seeds), and seed germination%. The experimental design was a split block with 4 replicates. Each of the two day-length extension treatments was treated as a separate experiment. Within each experiment vernalization duration was assigned to the main plots and cultivars were allocated as the sub-plots. The results indicated that day-length extension and vernalization treatments had significant effect on the flowering of the cultivars. The response of the cultivars varied according to the combinations of the treatments. The results also indicated that the flowered cultivars maintained acceptable levels of pollen viability, seed setting and seed germination that could allow for the beginning of a breeding program. There are needs for further examination of other genetic materials to secure a successful sugar beet breeding program

Bolting tendency in the crop species Beta vulgaris, which includes the sugar beet, is a complex trait governed by various environmental cues, including prolonged periods of cold temperatures over winter (vernalization) and photoperiod. This work was carried out as a part of a series of experiments on sugar beet floral induction under Egyptian conditions as part of the effort to breed and select sugar beet cultivars adapted to local environmental conditions. Ten diploid cultivars were sown in the field at three dates on 15th, 30th July and 15th August to provide roots at the ages of 120, 135 and 150 days, and harvested on the 15th of December. The roots were vernalized at 4°C for 45 days before replanting in the field. Extended vs. natural day-length were applied 3 weeks after replanting. Data was collected on flowering behavior, pollen fertility seed setting and seed germination. The results indicate that cultivars’ responses are the main factor that controlled the response to the imposed treatments. The response of cultivars varied according to root age, and day-length treatments. In most of the flowering cultivars, extended day-length improved the measured traits. Older root age also tended to enhance the measured traits with minor exceptions. The findings of this work are a step towards the definition of techniques that can be used to start a sugar beet breeding program under Egyptian conditions.

Bolting tendency in the crop species Beta vulgaris, which includes the sugar beet, is a complex trait governed by various environmental cues, including prolonged periods of cold temperatures over winter (vernalization) and photoperiod. This work was carried out as a part of a series of experiments on sugar beet floral induction under Egyptian conditions as part of the effort to breed and select sugar beet cultivars adapted to local environmental conditions. Ten diploid cultivars were sown in the field at three dates on 15th, 30th July and 15th August to provide roots at the ages of 120, 135 and 150 days, and harvested on the 15th of December. The roots were vernalized at 4°C for 45 days before replanting in the field. Extended vs. natural day-length were applied 3 weeks after replanting. Data was collected on flowering behavior, pollen fertility seed setting and seed germination. The results indicate that cultivars’ responses are the main factor that controlled the response to the imposed treatments. The response of cultivars varied according to root age, and day-length treatments. In most of the flowering cultivars, extended day-length improved the measured traits. Older root age also tended to enhance the measured traits with minor exceptions. The findings of this work are a step towards the definition of techniques that can be used to start a sugar beet breeding program under Egyptian conditions.

Bolting tendency in the crop species Beta vulgaris, which includes the sugar beet, is a complex trait governed by various environmental cues, including prolonged periods of cold temperatures over winter (vernalization) and photoperiod. This work was carried out as a part of a series of experiments on sugar beet floral induction under Egyptian conditions as part of the effort to breed and select sugar beet cultivars adapted to local environmental conditions. Ten diploid cultivars were sown in the field at three dates on 15th, 30th July and 15th August to provide roots at the ages of 120, 135 and 150 days, and harvested on the 15th of December. The roots were vernalized at 4°C for 45 days before replanting in the field. Extended vs. natural day-length were applied 3 weeks after replanting. Data was collected on flowering behavior, pollen fertility seed setting and seed germination. The results indicate that cultivars’ responses are the main factor that controlled the response to the imposed treatments. The response of cultivars varied according to root age, and day-length treatments. In most of the flowering cultivars, extended day-length improved the measured traits. Older root age also tended to enhance the measured traits with minor exceptions. The findings of this work are a step towards the definition of techniques that can be used to start a sugar beet breeding program under Egyptian conditions.

Bolting tendency in the crop species Beta vulgaris, which includes the sugar beet, is a complex trait governed by various environmental cues, including prolonged periods of cold temperatures over winter (vernalization) and photoperiod. This work was carried out as a part of a series of experiments on sugar beet floral induction under Egyptian conditions as part of the effort to breed and select sugar beet cultivars adapted to local environmental conditions. Ten diploid cultivars were sown in the field at three dates on 15th, 30th July and 15th August to provide roots at the ages of 120, 135 and 150 days, and harvested on the 15th of December. The roots were vernalized at 4°C for 45 days before replanting in the field. Extended vs. natural day-length were applied 3 weeks after replanting. Data was collected on flowering behavior, pollen fertility seed setting and seed germination. The results indicate that cultivars’ responses are the main factor that controlled the response to the imposed treatments. The response of cultivars varied according to root age, and day-length treatments. In most of the flowering cultivars, extended day-length improved the measured traits. Older root age also tended to enhance the measured traits with minor exceptions. The findings of this work are a step towards the definition of techniques that can be used to start a sugar beet breeding program under Egyptian conditions.