NULL

Abstract : Bio-ethanol has been promoted as alternative fuel because it is renewable fuel and environmental friendly compared with petroleum products. In this study ethanol production by a yeast isolate, designated as YB2 isolated from Kenyan dairy industry, in whey waste was examined. The isolate was initially identified as Pichia cactophila using RFLP of PCR-amplified internal transcribed spacers of rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). Where size of the PCR products (450 bp), and the restriction analyses with two restriction enzymes HaeIII and HinfI yielded fragments with 450 bp and 200+250 bp respectively. The variable D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA of the isolate was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The sequences were compared with known 26S rDNA sequences in the GenBank database. Results of 26S rRNA gene confirmed that the isolate was highly related to P. cactophila with similarity 100%. Phylogenetic analysis shows that YB2 shared a one cluster with P. cactophila. The fermentative performance of the strain YB2 on cheese whey to produce ethanol was evaluated at different parameters such as incubation temperature, initial pH, whey sugar concentrations, and yeast concentrations. Maximum ethanol produced by strain YB2 was achieved at pH 4.5 and 35°C. To our knowledge, there are no reports in literature on utilization of cheese whey by P. cactophila for ethanol production. This was therefore, the first time the P. cactophila was used to produce ethanol from cheese whey.

Abstract The utilization of agro-industrial wastes such as whey as raw materials for the production of bio-ethanol is gaining importance as a result of the attractiveness of renewable fuel alternatives due to exhaustion of fossil fuel sources coupled with the positive impact to the environment. Here, we report the isolation of two Kluyveromyces spp. designated as BM4 and P41, able to produce ethanol as main fermentation product from fermenting whey. Three different molecular biological approaches including, the RFLP analysis of the 5.8S-ITS rDNA, the sequence of the 5.8S-ITS rDNA region and the sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene were applied for accurate identification. While RFLP analysis of 5.8S-ITS region failed to accurate the differentiation between the two species, sequencing of this region and D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene verified the identification. PCR amplification and sequence analysis of 5.8S-ITS rRNA and D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA genes revealed that the isolates BM4 and P41 were highly related to Kluyveromyces marxianus and Kluyveromyces lactis with homology of 99% for both. In addition, phylogenetic analysis indicated that both BM4 and P41 shared a cluster with K. marxianus and K. lactis, respectively. The fermentative performance of both strains on cheese whey to produce ethanol was evaluated at different parameters such as incubation temperature, initial pH, whey sugar concentrations, and yeast concentrations. Results show that the maximum ethanol productions achieved at pH 4.5 and 35 °C were 5.52% and 5.05% for K. marxianus and K. lactis, respectively. Our results demonstrated that K. marxianus and K. Lactis could be recommended for cheese whey bioremediation in the environment and produce renewable biofuel.

Abstract: Cheese whey is a dairy industry waste have high lactose concentration, which case environmental problem. Therefore biofuel production from cheese whey become an interest as renewable energy. In this study 28 yeasts were isolated from Kenyan cheese whey and characterized for lactose fermentation. Out of them one isolate, designated as BM9 had high efficiency for lactose fermentation was selected. For genetically identification PCR amplification of both internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8 rDNA region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and the variable D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene were used. RFLP of the PCR-amplified ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region (750 bp) using two restriction enzymes HaeIII and HinfI yielded fragments with 650 + 80 bp and 250 + 190 + 120 + 80 bp respectively witch identified the isolate as Kluyveromyces marxianus. 26S rRNA of the isolate was sequenced and compared with known 26S rRNA sequences in the GenBank database. Results of 26S rRNA gene confirmed that the isolate was highly related to K. marxianus with similarity 99%. Phylogenetic analysis show that BM9 shared a one cluster with K. marxianus. The fermentative performance of the strain BM9 on cheese whey to produce bio-ethanol at different parameters such as incubation temperature, initial pH, whey sugar concentrations, and yeast concentrations was evaluated.

NULL

NULL

Abstract Isolation and identification of the indigenous yeasts of the rotten date fruits for possible production of bioethanol and singlecell protein was the aim of this study. Results showed that a considerable amount of date fruits is subjected to unfavorable conditions of storage that induce their rot and spoilage. From the rotten date fruits, ten yeast isolates were obtained and genetically identified by the sequence of D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis. The identity of these yeasts was: Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, H. uvarum (2 strains), H. opuntiae, Pichia kudriavzevii (2 strains), Issatchenkia orientalis, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Yarrowia lipolytica and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. The ability of these strains to ferment 20% of the spoilage date fruit juice evaluated on laboratory scale. Results proved that P. kudriavzevii KKUY-0151 and H. uvarum KKUY-0153 yielded 67.48 and 67.37 g/L respectively, of bioethanol as the highest producers. However, H. uvarum KKUY-0078, H. guilliermondii KKUY-0009 and Z. Rouxii KKUY-0157 produced the highest fresh biomass weight 31.76, 30.96 and 30.69 g/L, respectively as a single cell protein production. The study is a pioneer to investigate the endemic yeasts of the rotten date fruits. It concludes that some of the indigenous yeasts of the rotten date fruits are promising organisms in recycling the substrate into valuable products such as bioethanol and single-cell protein.

Abstract Isolation and identification of the indigenous yeasts of the rotten date fruits for possible production of bioethanol and singlecell protein was the aim of this study. Results showed that a considerable amount of date fruits is subjected to unfavorable conditions of storage that induce their rot and spoilage. From the rotten date fruits, ten yeast isolates were obtained and genetically identified by the sequence of D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis. The identity of these yeasts was: Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, H. uvarum (2 strains), H. opuntiae, Pichia kudriavzevii (2 strains), Issatchenkia orientalis, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Yarrowia lipolytica and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. The ability of these strains to ferment 20% of the spoilage date fruit juice evaluated on laboratory scale. Results proved that P. kudriavzevii KKUY-0151 and H. uvarum KKUY-0153 yielded 67.48 and 67.37 g/L respectively, of bioethanol as the highest producers. However, H. uvarum KKUY-0078, H. guilliermondii KKUY-0009 and Z. Rouxii KKUY-0157 produced the highest fresh biomass weight 31.76, 30.96 and 30.69 g/L, respectively as a single cell protein production. The study is a pioneer to investigate the endemic yeasts of the rotten date fruits. It concludes that some of the indigenous yeasts of the rotten date fruits are promising organisms in recycling the substrate into valuable products such as bioethanol and single-cell protein.

ABSTRACT Sixty one thermoalkalophilic bacteria were isolated from soil samples in Saudi Arabia’s southern region. Isolate TA-38, obtained from the Tanomah region, showed the best performance for enzyme production and was submitted for further study. It was identified as Bacillus axarquiensis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies. The feasibility of using potato waste water as a simple and cheap medium for the production of α- amylase was evaluated compared with starch broth medium. The production of α-amylase in the potato waste water medium was only 13.8% less than that of the starch medium. Maximum enzyme production was achieved after 48 hours of cultivation at the beginning of the stationary phase at pH 10.0 and 50 0C. The appropriate addition of starch; nitrogen; phosphate; and calcium to potato waste water significantly enhanced the production of α-amylase. The enzyme production reached a maximum of 64.5 Uml-1 with the potato wastewater adding with 0.5 % starch; 0.4 % yeast extract; 0.04% CaCl2-2H2O and 0.05 % KH2PO4. The optimization of the potato waste water medium led to an approximately 4.02 fold increase in the production of α-amylase compared to starch broth medium. Data indicated that the potato waste water contained substrates which could be used by bacterial isolate for the production of α-amylase production and the developed procedure was cost effective since it requires only a slightly addition of nutrients to the medium.

Abstract Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are widely used for heavy metal (HM) treatment in bioreactors but their growth and biological activity can be inhibited by such treatment. Here, bioreactor experiments were used to investigate changes in the SRB community and the copy number of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase β-subunit functional gene (dsrB) under high doses of sulfates and HMs. The SRB community was investigated using polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and sequencing techniques, while the dsrB gene abundance was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The sulfate reduction rate was initially much higher in reactors without HMs than in those containing HMs (p = 0.001). Sulfate levels were reduced by 50% within the first 3 days of operation. As a result, the HM removal rate was initially much lower in the reactors containing HMs. Most of the HMs reduced to safe limits within 9 ~ 12 days of operation. The SRB community mainly consisted of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, D. termitidis, D. desulfuricans, D. simplex and Desulfomicrobium baculatum, as determined by PCR-DGGE. qRT-PCR revealed a decreasing trend in the copy numbers of a functional gene (dsrB) after 6 days in samples lacking HMs; however, the opposite trend was observed in the HM-containing samples.