تستهدف هذه الدراسة بصفة عامة إلقاء الضوء علي الدور الذى تلعبه المؤسسات التمويلية في تنمية المشروعات الزراعية في محافظة سوهاج وأوجه القصور والمشاكل التـي صـادفتها هدف التوصل إلي استراتيجية محدده لدعم هذه المؤسسات التمويلية فـي تنميـة المـشروعات الصغيرة في المحافظة موضع الدراسة وغيرها من المحافظات. وقد تبين من نتائج الدراسة أن هناك مؤسستين رئيسيتين حكومية تعمل علي تقديم التمويل اللازم للمشروعات الصغيرة الزراعية منها علي وجه الخصوص ا لصندوق الاجتماعي للتنميـة وصندوق التنمية المحلية وان هذه المؤسسات لعبت دور في تـوفير ر ؤوس الأمـوال اللازمـة لتمويل هذه المشروعات ، حيث بلغ عدد المشرعات التي استفادة من القروض الممنوحة من تلك المؤسسات خلال فترة الدراسة (٢٠٠٩-٢٠١٥ (نحو ١٨٨٥٨الف مشروع وفرت نحو ٣٢٧٣٥ فرصة عمل خلال تلك الفترة ، غير أن مثل هذا الأمر لا يناسب مـع الـدور المـأم ول لهـذه المؤسسات المالية من ناحية والحالة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لسكان محافظة سـوهاج ، وربمـا يرجع السبب في ذلك لوجود عدد من المشاكل والصعوبات التي توجه المستثمرين والراغبين في إقامة المشروعات الصغيرة سو اء كانت إنتاجية أو تمويلية ، لذي فان الدراسة أوصت بمجموعـة من الت وصيات التي يمكن أن تساعد في زيادة الدور الذي يمكن أن تلعبه المشروعات الـصغيرة بصفة عامة والزراعية بصفة خاصة في خطط التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية بالمحافظة والتـي تساعد علي تشجيع الإفراد علي إقامة المشروعات الـصغيرة فـي محافظـة سـوهاج وكافـة المحافظات المشابهة.

تستهدف هذه الدراسة بصفة عامة إلقاء الضوء علي الدور الذى تلعبه المؤسسات التمويلية في تنمية المشروعات الزراعية في محافظة سوهاج وأوجه القصور والمشاكل التـي صـادفتها هدف التوصل إلي استراتيجية محدده لدعم هذه المؤسسات التمويلية فـي تنميـة المـشروعات الصغيرة في المحافظة موضع الدراسة وغيرها من المحافظات. وقد تبين من نتائج الدراسة أن هناك مؤسستين رئيسيتين حكومية تعمل علي تقديم التمويل اللازم للمشروعات الصغيرة الزراعية منها علي وجه الخصوص ا لصندوق الاجتماعي للتنميـة وصندوق التنمية المحلية وان هذه المؤسسات لعبت دور في تـوفير ر ؤوس الأمـوال اللازمـة لتمويل هذه المشروعات ، حيث بلغ عدد المشرعات التي استفادة من القروض الممنوحة من تلك المؤسسات خلال فترة الدراسة (٢٠٠٩-٢٠١٥ (نحو ١٨٨٥٨الف مشروع وفرت نحو ٣٢٧٣٥ فرصة عمل خلال تلك الفترة ، غير أن مثل هذا الأمر لا يناسب مـع الـدور المـأم ول لهـذه المؤسسات المالية من ناحية والحالة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لسكان محافظة سـوهاج ، وربمـا يرجع السبب في ذلك لوجود عدد من المشاكل والصعوبات التي توجه المستثمرين والراغبين في إقامة المشروعات الصغيرة سو اء كانت إنتاجية أو تمويلية ، لذي فان الدراسة أوصت بمجموعـة من الت وصيات التي يمكن أن تساعد في زيادة الدور الذي يمكن أن تلعبه المشروعات الـصغيرة بصفة عامة والزراعية بصفة خاصة في خطط التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية بالمحافظة والتـي تساعد علي تشجيع الإفراد علي إقامة المشروعات الـصغيرة فـي محافظـة سـوهاج وكافـة المحافظات المشابهة.

SUMMARY The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of levels yeast supplementation as a natural feed additive on growth performance, carcasses characteristic and some blood metabolites of growing Sohagi lambs. For this purpose, twenty-one Sohagi lambs (27.00±0.75 kg body weight, 6 months old) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with seven lambs per treatment. The treatment groups were as follows:(G1) was kept as a control and fed a basal diet consisting of roughage and concentrate mixture. (G2) fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5 % of yeast culture (YC) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to the mixture, while (G3) received the same basal diet supplemented with 1% of YC. All animals were fed 60% of their requirements as concentrate mixture with crushed corn stover given ad libitum. The quantity of concentrate mixture was adjusted every month according to change in body weight. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of YC (0.5 or 1%)did not significantly affect on body weight and daily gain. However, dry matter intake (DMI) of concentrate, roughage and total dry matter intake were significantly (P0.05) higher for lambs fed YC than control. Supplemented YC to lambs rations decreased significantly (P0.05) feed conversion ratio in comparison with the control treatment. Serum glucose and urea nitrogen were increased significantly (P0.05) in YC groups. However, the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol decreased significantly (p0.05) when feeding YC diets. No differences were observed between treatments for hot carcass and carcass cuts with respect to flank, which recorded higher (p0.05) value for YC groups compared to control. Supplemented YC at level of 0.5% or 1% significantly (P0.05) increased dry matter and fat in meat compared with control groups. Water-holding capacity was significantly (P0.05) lower for YC groups than control. It was concluded that caring of animal management led to improvement productive performance of sheep, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics via dietary yeast supplementation. Also, YC may be more useful as a feed additive for growing lambs rations.

SUMMARY The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of levels yeast supplementation as a natural feed additive on growth performance, carcasses characteristic and some blood metabolites of growing Sohagi lambs. For this purpose, twenty-one Sohagi lambs (27.00±0.75 kg body weight, 6 months old) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with seven lambs per treatment. The treatment groups were as follows:(G1) was kept as a control and fed a basal diet consisting of roughage and concentrate mixture. (G2) fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5 % of yeast culture (YC) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to the mixture, while (G3) received the same basal diet supplemented with 1% of YC. All animals were fed 60% of their requirements as concentrate mixture with crushed corn stover given ad libitum. The quantity of concentrate mixture was adjusted every month according to change in body weight. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of YC (0.5 or 1%)did not significantly affect on body weight and daily gain. However, dry matter intake (DMI) of concentrate, roughage and total dry matter intake were significantly (P0.05) higher for lambs fed YC than control. Supplemented YC to lambs rations decreased significantly (P0.05) feed conversion ratio in comparison with the control treatment. Serum glucose and urea nitrogen were increased significantly (P0.05) in YC groups. However, the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol decreased significantly (p0.05) when feeding YC diets. No differences were observed between treatments for hot carcass and carcass cuts with respect to flank, which recorded higher (p0.05) value for YC groups compared to control. Supplemented YC at level of 0.5% or 1% significantly (P0.05) increased dry matter and fat in meat compared with control groups. Water-holding capacity was significantly (P0.05) lower for YC groups than control. It was concluded that caring of animal management led to improvement productive performance of sheep, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics via dietary yeast supplementation. Also, YC may be more useful as a feed additive for growing lambs rations.

SUMMARY This study was accomplished to designed to assess the appropriate concentrate: roughage ratio (C:R) ratio for better nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, healthy and economic beef production in Egyptian buffalo calves. Sixteen buffalo calves aged about 18-20 months of 292.5±4.7 kg average body weight were randomly assigned into four groups of 4 animal each. The treatment diets were composed of four concentrate: roughage (C:R) ratios (80:20, A; 75:25, B; 60:40, C; 55:45, D). The results revealed that increasing in the proportion of concentrate in the diet significantly (p 0.05) increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), nitrogen free extract (NFE) and the total digestible nutrients. Ruminal concentration of both volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen were increased linearly with increasing the dietary concentrate portion (60, 75, 80), however the rumen pH were decreased (P0.01) with increasing the concentrate level in the diet. In addition, increasing the concentrate proportion increased the dry matter intake of feed, average daily gain, final body weight; feed cost per kg body weight. Serum, glucose, and acute phase protein were increased by increasing the dietary concentrate portion. Feeding diet containing 60% concentrate showed better performance and economic per kg body weight gain when comparing diet containing (75 %, 80 %) concentrates levels. This study suggested that the diet consisting of 60: 40 concentrate: roughage ratio could be considered as the optimum diet for growing buffalo calves for better performance, efficient feed utilization, economic feed efficiency and low risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis.

SUMMARY This study was accomplished to designed to assess the appropriate concentrate: roughage ratio (C:R) ratio for better nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, healthy and economic beef production in Egyptian buffalo calves. Sixteen buffalo calves aged about 18-20 months of 292.5±4.7 kg average body weight were randomly assigned into four groups of 4 animal each. The treatment diets were composed of four concentrate: roughage (C:R) ratios (80:20, A; 75:25, B; 60:40, C; 55:45, D). The results revealed that increasing in the proportion of concentrate in the diet significantly (p 0.05) increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), nitrogen free extract (NFE) and the total digestible nutrients. Ruminal concentration of both volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen were increased linearly with increasing the dietary concentrate portion (60, 75, 80), however the rumen pH were decreased (P0.01) with increasing the concentrate level in the diet. In addition, increasing the concentrate proportion increased the dry matter intake of feed, average daily gain, final body weight; feed cost per kg body weight. Serum, glucose, and acute phase protein were increased by increasing the dietary concentrate portion. Feeding diet containing 60% concentrate showed better performance and economic per kg body weight gain when comparing diet containing (75 %, 80 %) concentrates levels. This study suggested that the diet consisting of 60: 40 concentrate: roughage ratio could be considered as the optimum diet for growing buffalo calves for better performance, efficient feed utilization, economic feed efficiency and low risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis.

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of organic (selenized yeast) and inorganic (Na-selenite) selenium on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and blood parameters of growing buffalo claves. Fifteen Egyptian healthy male buffalo calves were divided randomly into three groups (5 animals each). The treatment groups were as follows: control group (G1) fed basal diet without selenium supplement and treated groups fed 0.22 mg Se/kg DM as either Na –Selenite (G2) or selenized yeast (G3) to the concentrate mixture. All animals were fed 70% of their requirements as concentrate mixture, while wheat straw given as roughages ad libitum The results indicated that there were significant (P0.05) improvements in the digestibility coefficient of organic matter, crude protein, either extract and crude fibre due to dietary supplementation of both Se- yeast and Na-Selenite. No significant differences were observed in growth rate and total dry matter intake of calves between treatments groups. Dietary Se-yeast and Na-selenite supplementation led to significantly (P0.05) improved fed conversion ratio for calves as compared with control group (10.86 and 11.09 vs. 11.99). Calves fed Se-yeast or Na-Selenite supplement had increased (P 0.05) concentrations of selenium in whole blood, greater activity (P 0.05) of blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) with lower (P 0.05) cholesterol and urea concentration than those fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Se-yeast was more effective than sodium selenite in improving nutrient digestibility, feed conversion efficiency and increasing both Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in the blood of buffalo calves.

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of organic (selenized yeast) and inorganic (Na-selenite) selenium on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and blood parameters of growing buffalo claves. Fifteen Egyptian healthy male buffalo calves were divided randomly into three groups (5 animals each). The treatment groups were as follows: control group (G1) fed basal diet without selenium supplement and treated groups fed 0.22 mg Se/kg DM as either Na –Selenite (G2) or selenized yeast (G3) to the concentrate mixture. All animals were fed 70% of their requirements as concentrate mixture, while wheat straw given as roughages ad libitum The results indicated that there were significant (P0.05) improvements in the digestibility coefficient of organic matter, crude protein, either extract and crude fibre due to dietary supplementation of both Se- yeast and Na-Selenite. No significant differences were observed in growth rate and total dry matter intake of calves between treatments groups. Dietary Se-yeast and Na-selenite supplementation led to significantly (P0.05) improved fed conversion ratio for calves as compared with control group (10.86 and 11.09 vs. 11.99). Calves fed Se-yeast or Na-Selenite supplement had increased (P 0.05) concentrations of selenium in whole blood, greater activity (P 0.05) of blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) with lower (P 0.05) cholesterol and urea concentration than those fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Se-yeast was more effective than sodium selenite in improving nutrient digestibility, feed conversion efficiency and increasing both Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in the blood of buffalo calves.

SUMMARY his study was investigated to determine the effect of zinc source either from organic or inorganic on lambs performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics. Fifteen local lambs (about six months old and an average body weight of 26.5± 3.1 kg) were divided into three similar groups (5 lambs each). The control group (G1) was fed the basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrates mixture. While, the other two tested groups were fed the same basal diet, supplemented with 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc Sulphate (G2) and 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc methionine (G3). All animals of these groups were fed 60% of their requirements as concentrate mixture and the rest of other requirements were covered from wheat straw, which was given ad libitum. The experiment was extended for 6 month. The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P 0.05) in zinc sulphate and zinc methionine groups than in control group (130 and 132 gm/day vs. 99 gm/day, respectively). There were no significant differences among groups in total feed intake. Feed conversion ratio as dry matter intake/ g gain was improved in zinc methionine and zinc sulphate groups when compared with control one. However, the differences among groups were not significant. Supplementation of Zn-meth increased (P0.05) the level of zinc in serum as compared with control and zinc sulphate groups. Also, serum cholesterol was higher (p 0.05) in Zn treated groups than in control one. While, serum concentration of total protein, Albumin, globulin, glucose, triglycerides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were not affected by zinc supplementation. Zn supplementation in a form of organic or inorganic had no effect on dressing percentage and carcass cuts in lambs. In conclusion zinc supplementation in form of inorganic or organic may improve lambs performance.

SUMMARY his study was investigated to determine the effect of zinc source either from organic or inorganic on lambs performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics. Fifteen local lambs (about six months old and an average body weight of 26.5± 3.1 kg) were divided into three similar groups (5 lambs each). The control group (G1) was fed the basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrates mixture. While, the other two tested groups were fed the same basal diet, supplemented with 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc Sulphate (G2) and 20 mg Zn/head/day as Zinc methionine (G3). All animals of these groups were fed 60% of their requirements as concentrate mixture and the rest of other requirements were covered from wheat straw, which was given ad libitum. The experiment was extended for 6 month. The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P 0.05) in zinc sulphate and zinc methionine groups than in control group (130 and 132 gm/day vs. 99 gm/day, respectively). There were no significant differences among groups in total feed intake. Feed conversion ratio as dry matter intake/ g gain was improved in zinc methionine and zinc sulphate groups when compared with control one. However, the differences among groups were not significant. Supplementation of Zn-meth increased (P0.05) the level of zinc in serum as compared with control and zinc sulphate groups. Also, serum cholesterol was higher (p 0.05) in Zn treated groups than in control one. While, serum concentration of total protein, Albumin, globulin, glucose, triglycerides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were not affected by zinc supplementation. Zn supplementation in a form of organic or inorganic had no effect on dressing percentage and carcass cuts in lambs. In conclusion zinc supplementation in form of inorganic or organic may improve lambs performance.