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Abstract A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Agriculture Faculty, South Valley University at Qena Governorate, Egypt, during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study the effect of salicylic acid and NPK fertilization on wheat productivity. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using strip plot arrangement with three replications. The first variable was salicylic acid concentrations which occupied horizontally. While the second one was NPK rates which allocated vertically. The obtained results showed that all studied traits in both seasons were affected significantly by salicylic acid concentrations in favour of 150 ppm concentration as well as by NPK fertilization rates in favour of high rate(125, 45 and 48 kg fed-1 of N, P and K, respectively). Furthermore, wheat plants sprayed by high salicylic acid concentration and subjected to high NPK fertilization rate produced the highest mean values of grain yield (2600 and 2520 kg fed-1 in the first and second seasons, respectively). While, wheat plants sprayed by high salicylic acid concentration and subjected to low NPK fertilization rate gave the maximum mean values of use efficiency for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in both seasons

Abstract A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Agriculture Faculty, South Valley University at Qena Governorate, Egypt, during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study the effect of salicylic acid and NPK fertilization on wheat productivity. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using strip plot arrangement with three replications. The first variable was salicylic acid concentrations which occupied horizontally. While the second one was NPK rates which allocated vertically. The obtained results showed that all studied traits in both seasons were affected significantly by salicylic acid concentrations in favour of 150 ppm concentration as well as by NPK fertilization rates in favour of high rate(125, 45 and 48 kg fed-1 of N, P and K, respectively). Furthermore, wheat plants sprayed by high salicylic acid concentration and subjected to high NPK fertilization rate produced the highest mean values of grain yield (2600 and 2520 kg fed-1 in the first and second seasons, respectively). While, wheat plants sprayed by high salicylic acid concentration and subjected to low NPK fertilization rate gave the maximum mean values of use efficiency for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in both seasons

Red adzuki bean starch-water suspensions (1:3, w/v) were subjected to repeated and continuous annealing treatments at 55 °C for 96 h. The changes in structural, physicochemical, and digestive properties of starch after both treatments were studied and compared. The results showed that the repeated and continuous annealing increased the relative crystallinity of starch without influence of the morphological structure and crystalline patterns. Gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy increased; however starch solubility, swelling power, and viscosity decreased after both annealing treatments. FT-IR analysis showed that annealing treatments resulted in a reorganization of starch molecules and improved the crystalline perfection. Furthermore, the applied annealing treatments decreased the enzymatic susceptibility of starch and increased contents of slowly digestible and resistant starch. Generally, the repeated annealing resulted in modified starch with good functionalities compared with the continuous annealing. Therefore, repeated annealing can be recommended for producing of modified starch for industrial applications.

NULLProso millet starch suspensions (30%, W/V) were subjected to UHP treatment at 150, 300, 450 and 600 MPa for 15 min in order to produce a modified starch for food applications. Besides, the UHP-gelatinized starch gels were stored at room temperature for 192 h and the recrystallization characteristics were investigated during the storage time. The gelatinization extent of starch was increased with the increase in pressure level and the starch was fully gelatinized at 600 MPa. The XRD patterns showed that the UHP at 600 MPa converted the A-type crystals to the B-type. The DSC data revealed an increase in gelatinization temperatures and a decrease in gelatinization enthalpy after treatment at 150-450 MPa. Pasting property analysis showed that trough and final viscosity, pasting temperature and peak time were decreased; however, peak and breakdown viscosity were decreased with the increase in pressure level up to 600 MPa. UHP treatment resulted in a higher swelling capacity and solubility at a relatively low temperature. XRD and DSC were also used to monitor retrogradation through the growth of diffraction peaks of the recrystallized starch and the increase in the melting enthalpy. The extent of retrogradation was plotted as a function of the storage time.

Normal maize starch samples with moisture contents of 11.24, 6.18, and 1.5% were ground using a fluidized bed jet mill at classifier frequencies of 2400, 3000, 3600, and 4200 to produce micronized starch powder. The changes in structural and functional properties of the starch after jet milling process were studied. The particle size of starch significantly (p 0.05) decreased after jet milling and as the classifier frequency increased. Also, the bulk and tap density decreased; while the specific surface area increased and the flowability of the milled samples became quite poor as the classifier frequency increased. The microscopy analysis showed that the jet milling destroyed the crystalline areas and promoted amorphous areas of starch granules. The micronized starch samples showed significant (p 0.05) increase in the water solubility, swelling power, water and fat holding capacities, and pasting temperature compared with the native starch. However, a decrease in viscosity parameters of starch was found after jet milling and as classifier frequency increased. The initial moisture content of starch showed a slight effect on the functional properties of the micronized starch. The obtained results suggest that modified starch can be produced by fluidized bed jet milling.

Under Egypt conditions sugar beet roots is processed in the factories during the period from the first week of February to Mid of June every year. Whenever, wilting of beet roots carried out at high temperature and low humidity for any cause, which are prevailing during the period from the end of April to Mid of June. So, this work was carried out at laboratories of Delta Sugar Company, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, as well as Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley Branch, Assuit University during 2017 working season for eight days and replicated four times during the period from 25th April to 6th June.to identify the influencing of wilting degree (the loss% in moisture content of beet roots) postharvest on physiochemical traits, impurities contents and processing efficiency parameters of sugar beet roots. The obtained results revealed that wilting degree of beet root had a significant effect on physical properties of sugar beet juice expressed as total soluble solids %(TSS%), pH value, bulk density (kg/m3) and color of raw juice (Icumsa units); impurities contents of sugar beet,i.e. ɑ-N, K and Na(millieq./100g), and chemical composition of sugar beet roots ,i.e. pol % , reducing sugars% and dextran content as well as processing efficiency parameters of sugar beet roots, i.e. juice purity%, sucrose recovery %, sugar losses% in waste, quality index of beet roots and weight losses % of beet roots. We hope that the above-mentioned results in this work would help understand the changes which take place in sugar beet roots postharvest caused by the wilting, which cause significant economic losses in sugar production and to know the practices that reduce sugar loss during processing. Here, we demonstrate that all sugar beet growers and the processors’ benefit directly when postharvest losses are minimized. The increase in wilting degree of beet roots means make them lose their refreshment and affect negatively sugar extraction during manufacturing in sugar factories.

Under Egypt conditions sugar beet roots is processed in the factories during the period from the first week of February to Mid of June every year. Whenever, wilting of beet roots carried out at high temperature and low humidity for any cause, which are prevailing during the period from the end of April to Mid of June. So, this work was carried out at laboratories of Delta Sugar Company, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, as well as Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley Branch, Assuit University during 2017 working season for eight days and replicated four times during the period from 25th April to 6th June.to identify the influencing of wilting degree (the loss% in moisture content of beet roots) postharvest on physiochemical traits, impurities contents and processing efficiency parameters of sugar beet roots. The obtained results revealed that wilting degree of beet root had a significant effect on physical properties of sugar beet juice expressed as total soluble solids %(TSS%), pH value, bulk density (kg/m3) and color of raw juice (Icumsa units); impurities contents of sugar beet,i.e. ɑ-N, K and Na(millieq./100g), and chemical composition of sugar beet roots ,i.e. pol % , reducing sugars% and dextran content as well as processing efficiency parameters of sugar beet roots, i.e. juice purity%, sucrose recovery %, sugar losses% in waste, quality index of beet roots and weight losses % of beet roots. We hope that the above-mentioned results in this work would help understand the changes which take place in sugar beet roots postharvest caused by the wilting, which cause significant economic losses in sugar production and to know the practices that reduce sugar loss during processing. Here, we demonstrate that all sugar beet growers and the processors’ benefit directly when postharvest losses are minimized. The increase in wilting degree of beet roots means make them lose their refreshment and affect negatively sugar extraction during manufacturing in sugar factories.

تستهدف هذه الدراسة بصفة عامة إلقاء الضوء علي الدور الذى تلعبه المؤسسات التمويلية في تنمية المشروعات الزراعية في محافظة سوهاج وأوجه القصور والمشاكل التـي صـادفتها هدف التوصل إلي استراتيجية محدده لدعم هذه المؤسسات التمويلية فـي تنميـة المـشروعات الصغيرة في المحافظة موضع الدراسة وغيرها من المحافظات. وقد تبين من نتائج الدراسة أن هناك مؤسستين رئيسيتين حكومية تعمل علي تقديم التمويل اللازم للمشروعات الصغيرة الزراعية منها علي وجه الخصوص ا لصندوق الاجتماعي للتنميـة وصندوق التنمية المحلية وان هذه المؤسسات لعبت دور في تـوفير ر ؤوس الأمـوال اللازمـة لتمويل هذه المشروعات ، حيث بلغ عدد المشرعات التي استفادة من القروض الممنوحة من تلك المؤسسات خلال فترة الدراسة (٢٠٠٩-٢٠١٥ (نحو ١٨٨٥٨الف مشروع وفرت نحو ٣٢٧٣٥ فرصة عمل خلال تلك الفترة ، غير أن مثل هذا الأمر لا يناسب مـع الـدور المـأم ول لهـذه المؤسسات المالية من ناحية والحالة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لسكان محافظة سـوهاج ، وربمـا يرجع السبب في ذلك لوجود عدد من المشاكل والصعوبات التي توجه المستثمرين والراغبين في إقامة المشروعات الصغيرة سو اء كانت إنتاجية أو تمويلية ، لذي فان الدراسة أوصت بمجموعـة من الت وصيات التي يمكن أن تساعد في زيادة الدور الذي يمكن أن تلعبه المشروعات الـصغيرة بصفة عامة والزراعية بصفة خاصة في خطط التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية بالمحافظة والتـي تساعد علي تشجيع الإفراد علي إقامة المشروعات الـصغيرة فـي محافظـة سـوهاج وكافـة المحافظات المشابهة.