ABSTRACT:The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposing pre-mature Dandarawi roosters to different light-emitting diode (LED) light colors on testicular development, serum testosterone levels, and sperm motility and velocity. Seventy-five roosters, 16 weeks old, were assigned to 5 experimental groups each with three replicates of five birds per pen. Roosters of each experimental group were subjected to a different light colorusing Nine-watt red, yellow, green, blue and white LED bulbs from 16 to 36 weeks of age. Twenty-five semen pools were obtained over the last ten weeks (5 pools from each treatment) to evaluate sperm motility and velocity. Blood serum was collected to evaluate testosterone levels and the testicular growth was assessed. The results showed that green light hindered the testicular growth and had adverse effects on almost all studied semen traits (P0.05). Both green and blue light significantly lowered circulating testosterone levels compared to other experimental groups (P0.0001). Roosters subjected to red light exhibited significantly higher percentages of total and progressive motile spermatozoa, a greater number of spermatozoa per ml, higher values of curve linear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP) and straight linear velocity (VSL) and finally lower percentages of slow sperm as compared with roosters exposed to green, blue and white light. Roosters exposed to yellow light showed comparable results of testicular growth, serum testosteroneconcentrations and percentages of total motile, progressive and rapid spermatozoa to those exposed to red light. These results indicate that red and yellow light has better effects on reproduction and sperm quality than white and blue light, and thatgreen light imposes adverse effects on reproduction in Dandarawi roosters.

ABSTRACT:The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposing pre-mature Dandarawi roosters to different light-emitting diode (LED) light colors on testicular development, serum testosterone levels, and sperm motility and velocity. Seventy-five roosters, 16 weeks old, were assigned to 5 experimental groups each with three replicates of five birds per pen. Roosters of each experimental group were subjected to a different light colorusing Nine-watt red, yellow, green, blue and white LED bulbs from 16 to 36 weeks of age. Twenty-five semen pools were obtained over the last ten weeks (5 pools from each treatment) to evaluate sperm motility and velocity. Blood serum was collected to evaluate testosterone levels and the testicular growth was assessed. The results showed that green light hindered the testicular growth and had adverse effects on almost all studied semen traits (P0.05). Both green and blue light significantly lowered circulating testosterone levels compared to other experimental groups (P0.0001). Roosters subjected to red light exhibited significantly higher percentages of total and progressive motile spermatozoa, a greater number of spermatozoa per ml, higher values of curve linear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP) and straight linear velocity (VSL) and finally lower percentages of slow sperm as compared with roosters exposed to green, blue and white light. Roosters exposed to yellow light showed comparable results of testicular growth, serum testosteroneconcentrations and percentages of total motile, progressive and rapid spermatozoa to those exposed to red light. These results indicate that red and yellow light has better effects on reproduction and sperm quality than white and blue light, and thatgreen light imposes adverse effects on reproduction in Dandarawi roosters.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of orally administration of bee pollen (BP) levels at 500 and 1000mg/buck as capsules form on semen physical characteristics as well as some hematological and physiological traits of rabbit bucks exposed to high temperature under Upper Egypt climatic conditions. A total of 30 rabbit bucks (15 V-line & 15 Moshtohor); 52 weeks old, were equally classified into three experimental groups. Bucks in the 1st group (control) were fed on a commercial ration, while those in the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed on the basal diet and orally administered daily with 500 and 1000mg BP/buck, respectively during the experiment, which lasted 56 days. The obtained findings revealed that the means of white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (Hg), Hematocrit (HCT), MCV (%), total protein (TP) of Moshtohor rabbit bucks were significantly increased, while the total feed intake (TFI) and glucose level were significantly decreased than those of the V-line rabbit bucks. The means of live sperm (%), mass motility (%), conc./ml (106), conc./ej (106) and testosterone (ng/ml) in Moshtohor bucks increased significantly (P0.01) by about 4.3, 6.0, 24.0, 28.6 and 16.8%, while reaction time (RT) was significantly decreased by about 20.2% than those of V-line bucks. The bucks treated with both of 500 and 1000mg BP /rabbit had significantly (P0.01) increased means of final body weight (FBW), red blood cells (RBCs), WBCs, Hg, HCT, MCV, TP and Alb, glucose and TAC than the corresponding means of the control group. While, the treatment with BP significantly (P0.05) reduced TFI and serum cholestrol. The means of ejaculate volume, live sperms, mass motility, conc./ml and conc./ej. (106) for bucks treated with BP exceeded significantly (P0.01), while the reaction time and sperm abnormalities were significantly (P0.01) decreased as compared with the corresponding figures in the control group. Similarly, the means of glutathione content (GSH) and testosterone hormone concentration were significantly increased in the treated bucks, while the mean malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased as compared with the control group. Conclusively, from the obtained results it could be concluded that treating rabbit bucks raised under high temperature with both of 500 and 1000mg/ buck significantly improved the semen characteristics, blood parameters, antioxidant activities, and testosterone hormone.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of orally administration of bee pollen (BP) levels at 500 and 1000mg/buck as capsules form on semen physical characteristics as well as some hematological and physiological traits of rabbit bucks exposed to high temperature under Upper Egypt climatic conditions. A total of 30 rabbit bucks (15 V-line & 15 Moshtohor); 52 weeks old, were equally classified into three experimental groups. Bucks in the 1st group (control) were fed on a commercial ration, while those in the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed on the basal diet and orally administered daily with 500 and 1000mg BP/buck, respectively during the experiment, which lasted 56 days. The obtained findings revealed that the means of white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (Hg), Hematocrit (HCT), MCV (%), total protein (TP) of Moshtohor rabbit bucks were significantly increased, while the total feed intake (TFI) and glucose level were significantly decreased than those of the V-line rabbit bucks. The means of live sperm (%), mass motility (%), conc./ml (106), conc./ej (106) and testosterone (ng/ml) in Moshtohor bucks increased significantly (P0.01) by about 4.3, 6.0, 24.0, 28.6 and 16.8%, while reaction time (RT) was significantly decreased by about 20.2% than those of V-line bucks. The bucks treated with both of 500 and 1000mg BP /rabbit had significantly (P0.01) increased means of final body weight (FBW), red blood cells (RBCs), WBCs, Hg, HCT, MCV, TP and Alb, glucose and TAC than the corresponding means of the control group. While, the treatment with BP significantly (P0.05) reduced TFI and serum cholestrol. The means of ejaculate volume, live sperms, mass motility, conc./ml and conc./ej. (106) for bucks treated with BP exceeded significantly (P0.01), while the reaction time and sperm abnormalities were significantly (P0.01) decreased as compared with the corresponding figures in the control group. Similarly, the means of glutathione content (GSH) and testosterone hormone concentration were significantly increased in the treated bucks, while the mean malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased as compared with the control group. Conclusively, from the obtained results it could be concluded that treating rabbit bucks raised under high temperature with both of 500 and 1000mg/ buck significantly improved the semen characteristics, blood parameters, antioxidant activities, and testosterone hormone.

The impact of treatment with bee pollen (BP) on the productive performance and some hematological and physiological traits of rabbit bucks were studied under hot climatic conditions prevalent in Assiut during the summer season. A total number of 30 rabbit bucks (15 V-line & 15 Moshtohor line); 14 weeks old were divided into three equal experimental groups. The bucks of 1st group were fed on a commercial basal ration and served as control, while those in the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed on the same ration in addition to daily oral administration with 250 and 500mg BP/buck, respectively in gelatin capsulated form allover experimental period. The obtained results revealed significant rabbit line differences in total feed intake (TFI), RBCs (106), Total protein (TP), glucose (mg/dl), Total lipids (TL), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Tri-iodothyronine (T3) hormone concentration. While, the differences were insignificant in the body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), hemoglobin (Hg), Hematocrit (HTC), Cholesterol (g/dl), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (Testos) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) hormone concentrations. The total feed intake of bucks administered with 250 or 500mg BP/buck decreased significantly (P0.01) by 4.48 and 8.50%, while the means of BW, WG and performance index (PI) increased significantly (P0.01) than those of the control. The means of Hg, HTC, RBCs (106) and Lymphocytes (%) of the bucks treated with BP increased significantly (P0.01) than those of the control. The means of TP, Albumin, Globulin and glucose levels as well as TAC, IgG, IgM of the treated bucks significantly (P0.01) increased, whereas the levels of cholesterol, TL, AST and ALT were significantly (P0.01) decreased. In the treated bucks, the concentrations of testosterone, FSH, and LH hormones improved significantly (P0.01) than those of the control group. Conclusively, it could be concluded that treating rabbit bucks raised under hot climatic conditions with both of 250 and 500 BP/ buck improved significantly the final body weight, total feed intake, hematological variables, immunological responses and hormonal estimates.

The impact of treatment with bee pollen (BP) on the productive performance and some hematological and physiological traits of rabbit bucks were studied under hot climatic conditions prevalent in Assiut during the summer season. A total number of 30 rabbit bucks (15 V-line & 15 Moshtohor line); 14 weeks old were divided into three equal experimental groups. The bucks of 1st group were fed on a commercial basal ration and served as control, while those in the 2nd and 3rd groups were fed on the same ration in addition to daily oral administration with 250 and 500mg BP/buck, respectively in gelatin capsulated form allover experimental period. The obtained results revealed significant rabbit line differences in total feed intake (TFI), RBCs (106), Total protein (TP), glucose (mg/dl), Total lipids (TL), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Tri-iodothyronine (T3) hormone concentration. While, the differences were insignificant in the body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), hemoglobin (Hg), Hematocrit (HTC), Cholesterol (g/dl), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (Testos) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) hormone concentrations. The total feed intake of bucks administered with 250 or 500mg BP/buck decreased significantly (P0.01) by 4.48 and 8.50%, while the means of BW, WG and performance index (PI) increased significantly (P0.01) than those of the control. The means of Hg, HTC, RBCs (106) and Lymphocytes (%) of the bucks treated with BP increased significantly (P0.01) than those of the control. The means of TP, Albumin, Globulin and glucose levels as well as TAC, IgG, IgM of the treated bucks significantly (P0.01) increased, whereas the levels of cholesterol, TL, AST and ALT were significantly (P0.01) decreased. In the treated bucks, the concentrations of testosterone, FSH, and LH hormones improved significantly (P0.01) than those of the control group. Conclusively, it could be concluded that treating rabbit bucks raised under hot climatic conditions with both of 250 and 500 BP/ buck improved significantly the final body weight, total feed intake, hematological variables, immunological responses and hormonal estimates.

SUMMARY A total number of 120- one day old chicks were randomly assigned into four equal groups to investigate the effect of feed color on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. The first group was fed non color feed and considered as a control group (C). While, second, third and fourth treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) were fed green, orange or red feed, respectively. The obtained results showed that feeding colored diets had significant positive effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversation throughout the experimental period. Also, there were significant differences in carcass color, dressed carcass percentages, carcass cut-up parts (breast and drum percentages) or muscles (breast), gizzard, carcass deep (cm) and abdominal fat percentages. However, no significant differences (P>0.05) existed in most giblets (heart and liver percentages) and thigh percentages. It could be concluded, that birds fed orange feed had the best performance. Consequently, feed color for broiler chicks should be in orange color.

SUMMARY A total number of 120- one day old chicks were randomly assigned into four equal groups to investigate the effect of feed color on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. The first group was fed non color feed and considered as a control group (C). While, second, third and fourth treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) were fed green, orange or red feed, respectively. The obtained results showed that feeding colored diets had significant positive effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversation throughout the experimental period. Also, there were significant differences in carcass color, dressed carcass percentages, carcass cut-up parts (breast and drum percentages) or muscles (breast), gizzard, carcass deep (cm) and abdominal fat percentages. However, no significant differences (P>0.05) existed in most giblets (heart and liver percentages) and thigh percentages. It could be concluded, that birds fed orange feed had the best performance. Consequently, feed color for broiler chicks should be in orange color.

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