A 3 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of 270 Cobb broiler chicks exposed to three lighting regimes viz. continues light (24L: 0D), restricted light (12L: 12D), intermittent light (6 L: 6 D) and fed three feeding regimes: continues feed (24F: 0NF), restricted feed (12F: 12NF), intermittent feed (6F: 6NF). Each group was replicated three times with 10 birds /replicate. The obtained results indicated that intermittent feed and light significantly (P≤0.05) affected body weight or gain, feed consumption or conversion ratios, dressed carcass, abdominal fat, leg problems, lymphoid organs and body temperature values. However, intermittent feed and light significantly had insignificant (P>0.05) effect on most carcass or meat quality, bone measurements, plumage conditions and blood parameters except meat tenderness, H / L Ratio and blood plasma T3 or T4 values. From the achieved results and economical evaluation, it could be concluded that rearing broilers chicks under intermittent light (6 L: 6 D) with continues feed (24F: 0NF), restricted feed (12F: 12NF), intermittent feed (6F: 6NF) improved growth performance and reduced carcass fat without any adverse physiological effects.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of light flash program on the productive and reproductive performance economic efficiency of Dandarawi chickens. Three hundred and sixty birds were randomly distributed into three equal groups (120 birds each) and housed in floor pens and reared under continues light for 12 or 16 hours/day (C group), 6 or 8 h continues light +6 or 8 h flash light/day(T1 group) and 12 or 16 hours/day flash light (T2 group). The obtained results indicated that light flash program significantly affected body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion and dressed carcass percentages. However, it had insignificant effects on other carcass traits, genital organs percentages, egg laying rate, egg weight, body temperature, hatchability, plumage condition, mortality rate, quality traits except shell thickness and blood traits except cholesterol values. Flash lighting program decreased significantly age at sexual maturity and improved semen concentrations and fertility percentages. Economic efficiency of the chickens was precisely decreased in flash light treatments. Finally, flash light treatments for Dandrawi chickens during growing and laying periods may be recommended.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of light flash program on the productive and reproductive performance economic efficiency of Dandarawi chickens. Three hundred and sixty birds were randomly distributed into three equal groups (120 birds each) and housed in floor pens and reared under continues light for 12 or 16 hours/day (C group), 6 or 8 h continues light +6 or 8 h flash light/day(T1 group) and 12 or 16 hours/day flash light (T2 group). The obtained results indicated that light flash program significantly affected body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion and dressed carcass percentages. However, it had insignificant effects on other carcass traits, genital organs percentages, egg laying rate, egg weight, body temperature, hatchability, plumage condition, mortality rate, quality traits except shell thickness and blood traits except cholesterol values. Flash lighting program decreased significantly age at sexual maturity and improved semen concentrations and fertility percentages. Economic efficiency of the chickens was precisely decreased in flash light treatments. Finally, flash light treatments for Dandrawi chickens during growing and laying periods may be recommended.

: A 3 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the performance of 180 Sasso broiler chicks exposed to three lighting regimes: continues light (24 CL), flashed+ continues light (12 FL : 12 CL), flashed light (24 FL): and two feeding regimes: continues feeding (24F: 0NF), intermittent feeding (6F: 6NF). Each group included three replicates with 10 birds /replicate. The obtained results indicated that intermittent feeding and flashed lighting regimes significantly (P≤0.05) affected body weight & gain, feed consumption & conversion ratios, some blood parameters, Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio and body temperature values. However, it had insignificant (P>0.05) effect on most carcass traits, meat quality, bone measurements, plumage conditions and blood constitutes except liver and abdominal fat percentages and blood plasma AST or ALT values. From the achieved results and economic efficiency, it could be concluded that rearing Sasso broilers chicks under intermittent light (12 L: 12 D) with continues feed (24F: 0NF) or intermittent feed (6F: 6NF) improved growth performance and reduced abdominal fat without any adverse effects on physiological parameters or meat quality

: A 3 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the performance of 180 Sasso broiler chicks exposed to three lighting regimes: continues light (24 CL), flashed+ continues light (12 FL : 12 CL), flashed light (24 FL): and two feeding regimes: continues feeding (24F: 0NF), intermittent feeding (6F: 6NF). Each group included three replicates with 10 birds /replicate. The obtained results indicated that intermittent feeding and flashed lighting regimes significantly (P≤0.05) affected body weight & gain, feed consumption & conversion ratios, some blood parameters, Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio and body temperature values. However, it had insignificant (P>0.05) effect on most carcass traits, meat quality, bone measurements, plumage conditions and blood constitutes except liver and abdominal fat percentages and blood plasma AST or ALT values. From the achieved results and economic efficiency, it could be concluded that rearing Sasso broilers chicks under intermittent light (12 L: 12 D) with continues feed (24F: 0NF) or intermittent feed (6F: 6NF) improved growth performance and reduced abdominal fat without any adverse effects on physiological parameters or meat quality

The influence of using different cage floor and litter types on growth performance and carcass parameters was studied in 300 Japanese quail chicks from 14 to 56 day of age to alleviate high temperature effects during summer season. The experimental chicks were housed in battery cages and assigned to five groups (60 birds /each) according to the cage floor and litter type. Birds in the first group were raised on wire mesh cage floor and were considered the control (C). While the second and third groups (T1, T2 and T3) were raised on wire mesh cage with wheat straw litter, wire mesh cage with wood sawdust litter and plastic net floors, respectively. All experimental birds were raised under similar environmental and managerial conditions. The results showed that birds raised on wire mesh cage with wood sawdust litter and plastic net throughout the experiment had superior body weight, feed conversation, dressed carcass, body temperature, lymphocyte, hematocrit and mortality percentages compared to birds raised wire mesh cage with or without wheat straw litter and wooden slats floors at any time. Otherwise, the incidence of leg problems, breast blisters and airborne dust particulates, litter pH, bacterial count and ammonia concentrations inside the poultry house were decreased. However, no significant differences (P≤0.05) existed in litter pH, plumage conditions, bone measurements, litter moisture percentage and caking score. It could be concluded that birds raised on wire mesh cage with wood sawdust litter and plastic net had high performance and health efficiency. Consequently, it could be recommended to mange Japanese quail on wire mesh cage with wood sawdust litter and plastic net during high summer temperatures.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feed color and odor on productive performance of New Zealand White rabbits. Forty eighty growing rabbits weaned at 28 days were randomly divided into six groups of 8 rabbit each. Rabbits divided into three main groups; first group were fed on non colored diets, while those in the second and third groups were fed on orange and green colored diets. Each main group was divided into subgroups according to feed odor (non odor or molasses odor). Using green colored feed significantly affected body weight and then carcass traits or quality. Green or orange groups had significant (P≤0.05) higher dressed carcass, liver percentages, carcass lengths and sensory attributes (tenderness and juiciness). However, no significant differences were found in percentages of heart, kidney, dissectible fat, Lean: bone ratio, moisture, ether extract, ash, aroma, taste, flavor and water holding capacity (WHC) among all groups. Likewise, significant effects were found by feed odor on feed intake and feed conversion, sensory attributes (flavor , tenderness and juiciness), texture and pH of meat. Significant effects were determined in some blood parameters levels. Molasses odor decreased rectal temperature compared with control group. In conclusion, green feed with molasses odor improved growth performance and health status of New Zealand White rabbits

The influence of some water additives at early ages on growth performance and carcass characteristics was studied in 120 broiler chicks. The experimental chicks assigned to four groups (30 birds /each). Birds were supplied with drinking tape water, and considered as control group (C). While, the first, second and third treatment (T1, T2 and T3) were supplied with drinking water containing 10% of skim milk, molasses and dried egg, respectively. All experimental birds were raised under similar environmental and managerial conditions. Results indicated that supplementing water with skim milk, molasses and fresh egg significantly (P 0.05) increased body weight &body weight gains and improved feed conversion compared to control birds. Birds supplied with drinking water contained molasses significantly (P 0.05 increased body weight gains and improved feed conversion compared with that obtained from birds either supplied with drinking water contained skim milk and fresh whole egg. Also, molasses supplementation groups had superior dressed carcass, gizzard and liver percentages and immune responses. Otherwise, no significant differences (P≤0.05) existed in abdominal fat, carcass cutup parts, meat quality traits, most blood parameters, bone measurements and mortality rate. It could be concluded that birds supplied with drinking water containing 10% of molasses during growing period had high performance and economical efficiency. Consequently, it could be recommended to present the drinking water containing 10% of molasses for broiler chicks during early feeding period.

The influence of some water additives at early ages on growth performance and carcass characteristics was studied in 120 broiler chicks. The experimental chicks assigned to four groups (30 birds /each). Birds were supplied with drinking tape water, and considered as control group (C). While, the first, second and third treatment (T1, T2 and T3) were supplied with drinking water containing 10% of skim milk, molasses and dried egg, respectively. All experimental birds were raised under similar environmental and managerial conditions. Results indicated that supplementing water with skim milk, molasses and fresh egg significantly (P 0.05) increased body weight &body weight gains and improved feed conversion compared to control birds. Birds supplied with drinking water contained molasses significantly (P 0.05 increased body weight gains and improved feed conversion compared with that obtained from birds either supplied with drinking water contained skim milk and fresh whole egg. Also, molasses supplementation groups had superior dressed carcass, gizzard and liver percentages and immune responses. Otherwise, no significant differences (P≤0.05) existed in abdominal fat, carcass cutup parts, meat quality traits, most blood parameters, bone measurements and mortality rate. It could be concluded that birds supplied with drinking water containing 10% of molasses during growing period had high performance and economical efficiency. Consequently, it could be recommended to present the drinking water containing 10% of molasses for broiler chicks during early feeding period.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of application flash lighting program on performance and physiological status of naked neck chickens. Three hundred and sixty, four weeks old birds were randomly distributed into 6 experimental groups (3 replicates of 20 birds each) and housed in floor pens. The first group (control group, C), birds were maintained under 12 hrs and 16 hrs common light (CL) per day during the growing and laying periods, respectively. While, in the other groups, birds were exposed to light flashes for 10 minute/hour (T1), 20 minute/hour (T2), 30 minute/hour (T3), 40 minute/hour (T4) and 50 minute/hour (T5) for 12 and 16 hrs light/day during the growing and laying periods, respectively. Main results indicated that light flashes program significantly (P≤0.05) improved growth efficiency, carcass dressing percentage, breast percentage, abdominal fat percentage, egg laying rate, egg shell thickness, sexual parameters and healthy status. Also, estradiol hormone significantly (P≤0.05) increased by application of flash lighting program. However, long period of light flashes program recorded the worst values as in general performance and welfare (H / L ratio and tonic immobility values). Insignificant (P>0.05) effect were observed in drumstick, femur, liver, heart, gizzard, most blood components, egg shape or yolk, Haugh units, leg problems, plumage conditions, bone lengths, age at sexual maturity, genital organs and hatchability percentages. From an economical point of view, it is observed that the birds exposed to light flashes periods for 10 to 30 minutes/hour were superior to that of birds in other groups. Using short periods of light flashes might be suitable as alternative light to continuous or common light for managing Sharkasi chicken in sight and stimulation of internal organs or hormones release without oppositely affecting the physiological response, healthy traits and welfare.