Diarrhea is a complex syndrome causing colossal economic losses. The objective of the current study was to diagnose Enter-pathogens in children, calves, and broiler chickens by a serological and molecular diagnosis of Rotavirus, evaluate Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. with bacteriological examination beside conventional diagnosis of Cryptosporidium in addition to studying risk factors affecting these pathogens in Assiut Governorate. From February 2021 to April 2021, a total of 60 samples were collected from the stool of children (n=20), feces of calves (n=20) in addition to liver and pool intestine of broiler chickens (n=20) were examined by Immuno Chromatographic Assay (ICA), Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), microbiological examination and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain smears. The prevalence of Rotavirus infection by ICA was 55% (11/20), 10% (2/20), and 5% (1/20) of examined children, calves, and broiler chickens, respectively. Two (18.18%) of serologically Rotavirus positive stools of children were positive molecularly by RT-PCR, while serologically positive fecal and pool intestines of calves and broiler chickens, respectively, were negative molecularly. There was no significant variation between Rotavirus, E. coli, and Cryptosporidium infections with gender and age of investigated children and between these enteropathogens with sex, age, and species of examined calves. In addition, there were no significant differences between Rotavirus, E. coli, Salmonella, and Cryptosporidium with the age of investigated broiler chickens. It is concluded that these enteropathogens in livestock and chicken living close to the human population necessitate better surveillance and control measures to protect vulnerable animal and human populations.

Trichinellosis  is  a  serious  worldwide  parasitic  zoonosis. The  available  therapy  for  the  treatment  of
Trichinella spiralisis not satisfactory. Therefore, the recovery of effective treatment is required. This work aimed at
evaluating of the in vitro effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on muscle larvae of Trichinella. The present study
investigated the larvicidal properties of chemical and myrrh AgNPs on muscle larvae (ML) of T. spiralis. The used
AgNPs were chemically prepared using NaBH4
as reducing agentand biosynthesized using methanolic myrrh extract.
Characterization  of  synthesized  AgNPs  was  monitored  via UV-vis  spectrophotometry,  Fourier  transform  infrared
spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The ML incubated with AgNPs at concentrations
ranged from 1 μg/ml to 20 μg/ml. Chemical and biosynthesized AgNPs revealed marked larvicidal effect against ML of
Trichinella. Additionally, this in vitro study showed degenerative changes affecting the cuticle of AgNPs treated ML.
The  effectiveness  of AgNPs  on  the  infectivity  of TrichinellaML  was  also  assessed.  The  results  showed  complete
inhibition of the infectivity of ML exposed to sublethal doses of chemical and myrrh prepared AgNPs when used to
infect animal models. This is the first report where myrrh synthesized AgNPs have been tested for their anthelminthic
activity against Trichinellain an in vitromodel.
Keywords: Trichinella spiralis, muscular larvae, silver nanoparticles, infectivity, viability

Avian coccidiosis remains one of the major parasitic diseases that threaten the global
poultry industry. Since prevention is superior to treatment, this study focuses on eliminating the
infection outside the host. To determine their effect on the viability of Eimeria tenella oocysts in vitro,
allicin and alcoholic garlic extract, which are natural, less toxic, and inexpensive products, were
compared to KOH 5% (chemical disinfectant) using an in vitro culture system. Three concentrations
of allicin (45, 90, and 180 mg/mL) and alcoholic garlic extract (90, 180, and 360 mg/mL, were used.
Subsequently, destructive and sporulation-inhibiting effects on Eimeria oocysts were detected using
light and electron microscopy. Young chickens were infected with treated sporulated oocysts to
determine their effect on infectivity. After 7 days pi, the percentage of excreted oocysts (oocyst
shedding) was determined, and the chickens were slaughtered for histopathological examination of
the cecal tissues. Under an electron microscope, allicin at a concentration of 180 mg/mL and alcoholic
garlic extract at a concentration of 360 mg/mL demonstrate a high oocysticidal activity with severe
destruction of the oocyst wall and the appearance of pores. In addition, both concentrations directly
affected the infectivity of sporulated oocysts by reducing the shedding of oocysts and the pathological
lesions of infected young chickens. We concluded that the ability of Allicin and alcoholic garlic extract
to eliminate Eimeria oocysts makes them superior to chemical disinfectants as a disinfectant.

Fish are a source of high-quality protein with low cholesterol, but they are susceptible to parasitic infections, which have a significant impact on aquaculture, in addition to their zoonotic potential. The present study estimated parasitic infections and evaluated the diversity of zoonotic parasites in freshwater Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt. A total of 300 samples were randomly collected from the Assiut Governorate. These fish were examined for both ectoparasites and endoparasites, followed by the experimental infection of mice with encysted metacercariae (EMC) for the retrieval of the adult worms. The overall prevalence of the variable parasites was 82% (246 of 300). Both ecto- and endoparasites were detected in 41% (123 of 300) of the examined fish. The identified ectoparasites were Gyrodactylus, Dactylogrus, Cichlidogyrus, Trichodina and Icthyophthirius multifiliis, in 5%, 4%, 22%, 6% and 4% of the fish, respectively. The endoparasites were trematodes (Orientocreadium batrachoides 3%), nematodes (Contracaecum. 2%), acanthocephala (Acanthosentis tilapiae 25%) and protozoa that included Isospora and Eimeria spp., in 1% and 8% of fish, respectively. Myxobolus was detected in 2% of the examined fish. The overall prevalence of encysted metacercariae (EMC) was 95% (285 of 300), while infection with macroscopic EMC had a prevalence of 37% and microscopic EMC had a prevalence of 58%. The adult worms recovered from  the experimental infections were Prohemistomum vivax and Mesostephanus spp., which belong to the family Cyathocotylidae. Collectively, these findings reflect the relatively high occurrence of parasites among the studied fish, confirming the necessity of strict measures to control infection.