The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral ureteral ligation on blood constituents, renal histopathology and ultrasonography in dogs. A total number of 25 apparently healthy adult mongrel dogs found Assiut City, Egypt, were subjected to study. Animals were divided into five equal groups: the left ureter was ligated for 2, 7, 14 and 21 days in groups, I, II, III and IV, respectively, while group Vrepresented the control group. The animals in groups I, II, III and IV were euthanized on days 2, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. Right and left uretronephrectomies were performed and specimens were taken for the histopathological examination. Results revealed significant increases in total leucocytes and neutrophils counts from day 2 to day 17. There were significant decreases (p0.01) in total red blood cell (RBC) count and packed cell volume (PCV)% at day 14. Creatinine level was significantly increased on days 7 and 17. Histopathological changes were varied from glomerular swelling and congestion to glomerular atrophy. In conclusion, serum creatinine was highest on days 3 and 7, while creatinine clearance was lowest at day 7. The serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was the highest at day 21. Major histopathological changes were observed on day 21. These changes were compatible with the ultrasonographic and biochemical findings.

The amount of reactive oxygen species increased in cells of hosts infected with parasites as reported by a number of studies. The excess of free radicals in the parasitised cells depends on the nutritional status of the host, the degree of parasitic infestations and on the destructive effect on tissue, and reported associating blood parasites like Theileriosis, Babesiosis and Trypanosomosis. In addition, external parasites and endoparasites such as Fasciola sp., Trichostrongylus sp. and Eimeria sp. had been reported to be associated with lipid peroxidation. The current review throws light on parasitic infestations associated with oxidative stress and their harmful effect.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different pathological lung affections of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) on blood acute-phase proteins. A total number of 88 female buffaloes (4–7 years old) were subjected to study. Out of them, 63 animals had lung affections that were classified according to the gross and histopathological findings into pulmonary congestion and edema (N = 7), bronchiolitis and emphysema (N = 20), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (N = 22), and broncho-interstitial pneumonia (N = 14). The remained animals (N = 25) were kept as control. Plasma fibrinogen, serum haptoglobin, total proteins, and albumin levels were measured. Results revealed that plasma fibrinogen and serum haptoglobin levels were significantly increased in buffaloes with bronchiolitis and emphysema (P  0.01), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (P  0.05), and broncho-interstitial pneumonia (P  0.01). In conclusion, serum haptoglobin and plasma fibrinogen levels are good indicators for the inflammatory conditions of the lungs in buffaloes.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different pathological lung affections of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) on blood acute-phase proteins. A total number of 88 female buffaloes (4–7 years old) were subjected to study. Out of them, 63 animals had lung affections that were classified according to the gross and histopathological findings into pulmonary congestion and edema (N = 7), bronchiolitis and emphysema (N = 20), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (N = 22), and broncho-interstitial pneumonia (N = 14). The remained animals (N = 25) were kept as control. Plasma fibrinogen, serum haptoglobin, total proteins, and albumin levels were measured. Results revealed that plasma fibrinogen and serum haptoglobin levels were significantly increased in buffaloes with bronchiolitis and emphysema (P  0.01), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (P  0.05), and broncho-interstitial pneumonia (P  0.01). In conclusion, serum haptoglobin and plasma fibrinogen levels are good indicators for the inflammatory conditions of the lungs in buffaloes.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different pathological lung affections of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) on blood acute-phase proteins. A total number of 88 female buffaloes (4–7 years old) were subjected to study. Out of them, 63 animals had lung affections that were classified according to the gross and histopathological findings into pulmonary congestion and edema (N = 7), bronchiolitis and emphysema (N = 20), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (N = 22), and broncho-interstitial pneumonia (N = 14). The remained animals (N = 25) were kept as control. Plasma fibrinogen, serum haptoglobin, total proteins, and albumin levels were measured. Results revealed that plasma fibrinogen and serum haptoglobin levels were significantly increased in buffaloes with bronchiolitis and emphysema (P  0.01), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (P  0.05), and broncho-interstitial pneumonia (P  0.01). In conclusion, serum haptoglobin and plasma fibrinogen levels are good indicators for the inflammatory conditions of the lungs in buffaloes.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different pathological lung affections of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) on blood acute-phase proteins. A total number of 88 female buffaloes (4–7 years old) were subjected to study. Out of them, 63 animals had lung affections that were classified according to the gross and histopathological findings into pulmonary congestion and edema (N = 7), bronchiolitis and emphysema (N = 20), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (N = 22), and broncho-interstitial pneumonia (N = 14). The remained animals (N = 25) were kept as control. Plasma fibrinogen, serum haptoglobin, total proteins, and albumin levels were measured. Results revealed that plasma fibrinogen and serum haptoglobin levels were significantly increased in buffaloes with bronchiolitis and emphysema (P  0.01), fibrinous bronchopneumonia (P  0.05), and broncho-interstitial pneumonia (P  0.01). In conclusion, serum haptoglobin and plasma fibrinogen levels are good indicators for the inflammatory conditions of the lungs in buffaloes.

This study aimed to evaluate the capability of chelating therapy in reducing the immunotoxic and hematotoxic effects induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3). For this purpose, 40 male, adult, New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups with 10 animals each [control, AlCl3, and hydroxyethyl-ethylene diaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) or Tiron plus AlCl3 groups]. Aluminum chloride administered via drinking water in a dose of 20 mg/l for 3 months. After that HEDTA or Tiron was administered i.p. at a dose of 50 and 471 mg/kg b.w., respectively, for 21 days, three times/week. Aluminum chloride-exposed rabbits showed a significant decrease in the number of red blood cells, blood hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value. Blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and heme concentration showed a significant decrease than the control group. Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels were also significantly lower in AlCl3-exposed group than control. A prominent exhaustion of lymphoid elements of all investigated lymphoid organs was obtained. Histochemical enzymatic detection revealed weak positive nonspecific esterase or alkaline phosphatase staining reaction in macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, respectively, in AlCl3-exposed group in comparison of strong staining reaction in the control group. The present results indicated that long-term oral exposure to low doses of AlCl3 promotes alterations on hematological indices and some immune parameters in rabbits. In addition, most of the above parameters responded positively with Tiron or HEDTA chelating therapy but the effectiveness of Tiron therapy is more pronounced

This study aimed to evaluate the capability of chelating therapy in reducing the immunotoxic and hematotoxic effects induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3). For this purpose, 40 male, adult, New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups with 10 animals each [control, AlCl3, and hydroxyethyl-ethylene diaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) or Tiron plus AlCl3 groups]. Aluminum chloride administered via drinking water in a dose of 20 mg/l for 3 months. After that HEDTA or Tiron was administered i.p. at a dose of 50 and 471 mg/kg b.w., respectively, for 21 days, three times/week. Aluminum chloride-exposed rabbits showed a significant decrease in the number of red blood cells, blood hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value. Blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and heme concentration showed a significant decrease than the control group. Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels were also significantly lower in AlCl3-exposed group than control. A prominent exhaustion of lymphoid elements of all investigated lymphoid organs was obtained. Histochemical enzymatic detection revealed weak positive nonspecific esterase or alkaline phosphatase staining reaction in macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, respectively, in AlCl3-exposed group in comparison of strong staining reaction in the control group. The present results indicated that long-term oral exposure to low doses of AlCl3 promotes alterations on hematological indices and some immune parameters in rabbits. In addition, most of the above parameters responded positively with Tiron or HEDTA chelating therapy but the effectiveness of Tiron therapy is more pronounced

The current work aimed to investigate the different toxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in subchronic exposure. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats were exposed to CPF alone in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight, or CPF dose as previous plus glutathione (GSH) in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, for 90 days, twice weekly, orally. Another two groups of rat were given corn oil (control) or GSH. There is a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration, haematocrit percentage, thrombocytic indices, total protein and albumin levels in CPF-exposed group. CPF induced hyperglycemia and significant increase in total cholesterol, but a significant decrease in triglyceride levels was obtained. A significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation was obtained while a significant decrease of the total antioxidant was recorded. The decrease in glycogen content and some histopathological changes were observed in liver after CPF exposure. Furthermore, co-administration of GSH can restore some of these alterations.

The current work aimed to investigate the different toxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in subchronic exposure. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats were exposed to CPF alone in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight, or CPF dose as previous plus glutathione (GSH) in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, for 90 days, twice weekly, orally. Another two groups of rat were given corn oil (control) or GSH. There is a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration, haematocrit percentage, thrombocytic indices, total protein and albumin levels in CPF-exposed group. CPF induced hyperglycemia and significant increase in total cholesterol, but a significant decrease in triglyceride levels was obtained. A significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation was obtained while a significant decrease of the total antioxidant was recorded. The decrease in glycogen content and some histopathological changes were observed in liver after CPF exposure. Furthermore, co-administration of GSH can restore some of these alterations.