The aim of this study was to determine the possible variations in metabolic profile as well as the pathological findings in naturally infected buffaloes with foot and mouth disease (FMD) during the disease outbreak in 2012. A total number of 25 buffaloes, aged 1 – 5 years, were used in this study. Of these, 15 buffaloes showed characteristic clinical signs of FMD in the form of oral lesions and sudden deaths in young animals. The remaining 10 animals were used as controls. Blood samples were used to establish total white blood cells (WBCs), total red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV%) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb). Specimens from tongue, heart, liver, lung and kidneys were taken for histopathological examination. Hematological analysis revealed lymphocytic leukocytosis. Serum biochemical analysis showed significant increase of AST (P0.01) and globulins (P0.05). Venous blood gas analysis indicated metabolic acidosis in diseased buffaloes. From histopathological view, the FMD outbreak was characterized by vesicular stomatitis, interstitial myocarditis and pulmonary oedema.

The aim of this study was to determine the possible variations in metabolic profile as well as the pathological findings in naturally infected buffaloes with foot and mouth disease (FMD) during the disease outbreak in 2012. A total number of 25 buffaloes, aged 1 – 5 years, were used in this study. Of these, 15 buffaloes showed characteristic clinical signs of FMD in the form of oral lesions and sudden deaths in young animals. The remaining 10 animals were used as controls. Blood samples were used to establish total white blood cells (WBCs), total red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV%) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb). Specimens from tongue, heart, liver, lung and kidneys were taken for histopathological examination. Hematological analysis revealed lymphocytic leukocytosis. Serum biochemical analysis showed significant increase of AST (P0.01) and globulins (P0.05). Venous blood gas analysis indicated metabolic acidosis in diseased buffaloes. From histopathological view, the FMD outbreak was characterized by vesicular stomatitis, interstitial myocarditis and pulmonary oedema.

fluid (CSF) and vitreous humor are easily accessible and well preserved from contamination. Five donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) aged 1 - 2 years old were subjected to the study. Samples (Synovial fluid, CSF and vitreous humor) were collected before death (antimortem) and then at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours postmortem. Samples were analyzed for glucose, chloride, sodium, magnesium, potassium, enzymes and total protein. Synovial fluid analysis showed that glucose concentration started to decrease at 6 hours postmortem, while magnesium level increased with time. Other parameters were more stable. CSF analysis showed several changes related to time after death as the decrease in glucose and sodium levels, and the increased levels of potassium, magnesium, calcium and total protein. Vitreous analysis revealed a reduction in glucose level and increased potassium and magnesium concentrations. The present study concluded that biochemical analysis of synovial fluid, vitreous humor and CSF can help in determination of time since death in donkeys. This study recommend using CSF for determination of early post-mortem intervals.

fluid (CSF) and vitreous humor are easily accessible and well preserved from contamination. Five donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) aged 1 - 2 years old were subjected to the study. Samples (Synovial fluid, CSF and vitreous humor) were collected before death (antimortem) and then at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours postmortem. Samples were analyzed for glucose, chloride, sodium, magnesium, potassium, enzymes and total protein. Synovial fluid analysis showed that glucose concentration started to decrease at 6 hours postmortem, while magnesium level increased with time. Other parameters were more stable. CSF analysis showed several changes related to time after death as the decrease in glucose and sodium levels, and the increased levels of potassium, magnesium, calcium and total protein. Vitreous analysis revealed a reduction in glucose level and increased potassium and magnesium concentrations. The present study concluded that biochemical analysis of synovial fluid, vitreous humor and CSF can help in determination of time since death in donkeys. This study recommend using CSF for determination of early post-mortem intervals.

The spastic paresis is not a congenital disease but it is considered a hereditary one, which may show its signs on the young calves beginning from 1month to 1 year after birth. It is easily managed surgically by the partial transaction of the common calcanean tendon. The treated animals should not be used for breeding to decrease the chance of inheritance. Although the animals may be admitted with unilateral limb affection, however, it can be vulnerable for the affection in the contra-lateral limb so the owner should be informed

The spastic paresis is not a congenital disease but it is considered a hereditary one, which may show its signs on the young calves beginning from 1month to 1 year after birth. It is easily managed surgically by the partial transaction of the common calcanean tendon. The treated animals should not be used for breeding to decrease the chance of inheritance. Although the animals may be admitted with unilateral limb affection, however, it can be vulnerable for the affection in the contra-lateral limb so the owner should be informed