tRaw buffalo milk samples from the agroindustrial zone in upper Egypt were ana-lyzed for the presence of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides using gaschromatography–mass spectroscopy. Five organochlorine pesticides namely, alachlor, dield-rin, hexachlorobenzene, lindane and methoxychlor and three organophosphorus pesticideschlorpyrifos, malathion, and parathion-methyl were detected in the milk samples. In 44%of the samples, the concentrations of lindane and malathion residues exceeded tolerancelevels set by the European Commission (EC) in 2008. In addition, the concentrations of chlor-pyrifos, methoxychlor, and hexachlorobenzene residues exceeded the 2008 EC maximumresidual limits (MRLs) by 33, 66, and 88% of the examined samples, respectively. However,the levels of alachlor, dieldrin, and parathion-methyl residues were below EC MRLs. Theresults of this study confirm the risks of pesticide residues exposure that threaten con-sumer health in Egypt. Thus, we recommend that pesticide residue monitoring programsbe instituted in all the developing countries

The aim of this study was to determine the possible variations in metabolic profile as well as the pathological findings in naturally infected buffaloes with foot and mouth disease (FMD) during the disease outbreak in 2012. A total number of 25 buffaloes, aged 1 – 5 years, were used in this study. Of these, 15 buffaloes showed characteristic clinical signs of FMD in the form of oral lesions and sudden deaths in young animals. The remaining 10 animals were used as controls. Blood samples were used to establish total white blood cells (WBCs), total red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV%) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb). Specimens from tongue, heart, liver, lung and kidneys were taken for histopathological examination. Hematological analysis revealed lymphocytic leukocytosis. Serum biochemical analysis showed significant increase of AST (P0.01) and globulins (P0.05). Venous blood gas analysis indicated metabolic acidosis in diseased buffaloes. From histopathological view, the FMD outbreak was characterized by vesicular stomatitis, interstitial myocarditis and pulmonary oedema.