The demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions is escalating as the global population grows and economies develop. Fossil fuels, which currently dominate the energy sector, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. In response to these challenges, hydrogen storage technologies have emerged as a promising avenue for achieving energy sustainability. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in hydrogen storage materials and technologies, emphasizing the importance of efficient storage for maximizing hydrogen's potential. The review highlights physical storage methods such as compressed hydrogen (reaching pressures of up to 70 MPa) and material-based approaches utilizing metal hydrides and carbon-containing substances. It also explores design considerations, computational chemistry, high-throughput screening, and machine-learning techniques employed in developing efficient hydrogen storage materials. This comprehensive analysis showcases the potential of hydrogen storage in addressing energy demands, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and driving clean energy innovation.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), a common viral disease, can affect large ruminants, both domesticated and wild. In Assiut Governorate, there is little information about BVD despite their financial losses. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to study the current situation of BVDV infection among large ruminants in Assiut Governorate. In this study, 39 cattle and 11 buffaloes were obtained from various villages in the Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Whole blood and oral lesions swabs were collected for laboratory investigation using RT-PCR. Nine cattle and one buffalo were found to have BVDV-RNA. The clinical findings accompanied by BVDV infection in examined animals were fully discussed. The species, age, and sex of the animals that underwent molecular testing had no significant effect on the BVDV infection rate (P<0.05). Meanwhile, Assiut Governorate's climatic conditions were found to have a significant influence (P<0.001) on the BVD infection rate, in which the prevalence of BVDV infection was highest in the summer season. Emphasizing the importance of putting effective prevention and control measures in place throughout Egypt is recommended in order to minimize the prevalence of BVDV.

Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a glucose-lowering agent that is widely used for treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. This work aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of EMPA and NAC in treating nephrotoxicity caused by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in male Albino Wistar rats. 48 rats were divided into 6 groups: The first group used as negative control. The second received 20 mg/kg of 5-FU intraperitoneally for 6 days. The third group received 5-FU plus 10 mg/kg EMPA orally for 10 days. The fourth group received EMPA 10 days before the injection of 5-FU. The fifth group received 5-FU plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 40 mg/kg. The sixth group received 5-FU, NAC plus EMPA. Biochemical evaluation for urea, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and GSH and MDA in renal homogenate were done. Histopathological examination of kidneys was done with immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3. The nephrotoxic effect of 5-FU was characterized by elevation of creatinine, urea, uric acid, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β with reduction of albumin and GSH. EMPA caused improvement in kidney status especially when used therapeutically or with NAC. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that EMPA caused a reduction in the expression of caspase-3. EMPA is an effective drug in cases of 5-FU induced nephrotoxicity. It is more effective when used as a treatment rather than a prophylactic strategy. The effect of EMPA is enhanced when combined with NAC. EMPA nephroprotective effect is mediated via antioxidant, antiinflammatory effects and by decreasing the expression of renal caspase-3.