The study aimed to describe the changes in clinical findings and serum levels of gastrin, pepsinogen and chloride (Cl) in dairy cattle with displacement of the abomasum (DA) from day 0 until day 30 after surgery and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value in evaluation of the abomasal function. The study was conducted on DA cattle (n=25) belonging to dairy farms in Hokkaido area, Japan. Cows were examined and sampled at days 0 (surgery), 7 and 30. Based on blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) at day 0, DA cows were classified into three categories; DA only (1.2 mmol/L), DA with subclinical ketosis (DA SCK: 1.2–2.4 mmol/L) and DA with clinical ketosis (DA CK: ≥2.5 mmol/L). All DA groups had higher serum gastrin than their physiological reference values in cattle both before or after surgery. Serum gastrin was significantly increased (P0.05) in DA and DA SCK groups particularly at day 30 vs day 0. Serum pepsinogen and chlorides were not remarkably changed in any of the three diseased groups compared to reference values. Serum pepsinogen showed no significant within- and inter-group changes. The surgery and the 30-day follow-up period were not sufficient to serum gastrin to return to its physiological levels. In conclusion, further future studies may be required to investigate serum gastrin levels change in DA cattle. A longer follow up period up to 45 day is suggested.

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Meat and meat products were undergone to adulteration due to its high price and cause many diseases and economic losses for consumers. Fifty samples of minced meat and sausage (25 each) were collected randomly from supermarkets in Assiut city. The samples were subjected to histological and chemical analysis for detection of adulteration. Histologically, adulteration was detected in minced meat and sausage by addition of smooth muscle fibers of hollow organs, heart muscles, spongy bone, thyroid glands, adipose tissue, lung, blood vessels, intestine, proventriculus, ruminant stomach, tendons, cartilage, fascia, nerve trunk, brain, plant tissues include poppy seeds, color additives, cysts and parts of parasites. By ATPase histochemistry, fetal tissue in minced meat and sausage were suspected to add with abundant dark (slow-contracted) muscle fiber than light (fastcontracting) ones. Adulteration of minced meat and sausage with bone tissues was a statistically significant difference (p 005) and adulteration with plant cells was a statistically significant difference (p 001). The results of the histological examination showed that the total adulteration in minced meat and sausage samples were 88% and 100%, respectively. The chemical analysis revealed that the percent of adulterated samples were (8) 32% and (10) 40% when estimating protein contents in minced meat and sausage, respectively, while the adulteration was 100% in each of them by estimating the fat contents in the examined samples. The study proved that the histological technique with chemical analysis were effective complementary methods for qualitative evaluations of meat products adulteration.

Meat and meat products were undergone to adulteration due to its high price and cause many diseases and economic losses for consumers. Fifty samples of minced meat and sausage (25 each) were collected randomly from supermarkets in Assiut city. The samples were subjected to histological and chemical analysis for detection of adulteration. Histologically, adulteration was detected in minced meat and sausage by addition of smooth muscle fibers of hollow organs, heart muscles, spongy bone, thyroid glands, adipose tissue, lung, blood vessels, intestine, proventriculus, ruminant stomach, tendons, cartilage, fascia, nerve trunk, brain, plant tissues include poppy seeds, color additives, cysts and parts of parasites. By ATPase histochemistry, fetal tissue in minced meat and sausage were suspected to add with abundant dark (slow-contracted) muscle fiber than light (fastcontracting) ones. Adulteration of minced meat and sausage with bone tissues was a statistically significant difference (p 005) and adulteration with plant cells was a statistically significant difference (p 001). The results of the histological examination showed that the total adulteration in minced meat and sausage samples were 88% and 100%, respectively. The chemical analysis revealed that the percent of adulterated samples were (8) 32% and (10) 40% when estimating protein contents in minced meat and sausage, respectively, while the adulteration was 100% in each of them by estimating the fat contents in the examined samples. The study proved that the histological technique with chemical analysis were effective complementary methods for qualitative evaluations of meat products adulteration.

The rectum of grass carp was characterized by presence of mucosal wavy folds and a large diameter of its lumen, which may act as temporary storage part for excretory materials. Also, the muscularis layer showed a thick-walled as compared with the anterior and posterior portions of the intestine, which would contribute to the expulsion of faecal materials to the anus. Semithin sections of rectal epithelium revealed presence of small vesicles in the enterocytes that indicated its absorptive role, which was confirmed by presence of microvilli and increase in height of the epithelium. On the other hand, the rectum was characterized by an increase in number of goblet cells that reacted intensely with PAS, alcian blue and toluidine blue that may respond to an increased need of lubrication required for expulsion of faeces and protection of mucosa.

The rectum of grass carp was characterized by presence of mucosal wavy folds and a large diameter of its lumen, which may act as temporary storage part for excretory materials. Also, the muscularis layer showed a thick-walled as compared with the anterior and posterior portions of the intestine, which would contribute to the expulsion of faecal materials to the anus. Semithin sections of rectal epithelium revealed presence of small vesicles in the enterocytes that indicated its absorptive role, which was confirmed by presence of microvilli and increase in height of the epithelium. On the other hand, the rectum was characterized by an increase in number of goblet cells that reacted intensely with PAS, alcian blue and toluidine blue that may respond to an increased need of lubrication required for expulsion of faeces and protection of mucosa.

The rectum of grass carp was characterized by presence of mucosal wavy folds and a large diameter of its lumen, which may act as temporary storage part for excretory materials. Also, the muscularis layer showed a thick-walled as compared with the anterior and posterior portions of the intestine, which would contribute to the expulsion of faecal materials to the anus. Semithin sections of rectal epithelium revealed presence of small vesicles in the enterocytes that indicated its absorptive role, which was confirmed by presence of microvilli and increase in height of the epithelium. On the other hand, the rectum was characterized by an increase in number of goblet cells that reacted intensely with PAS, alcian blue and toluidine blue that may respond to an increased need of lubrication required for expulsion of faeces and protection of mucosa.