Ethanol is one of the most important biofuels that can be produced from different renewable sources. Molasses and Venasses are used as cheap raw materials in the isolation of microorganisms and used molasses as renewable materials for ethanol production. Molasses and Venasses are considered important by-products in the sugar industry. This study aims to isolate and identify yeasts and bacteria present in both molasses and venasses to use them in the production of bioethanol. Molasses and venasses samples were collected from ten different sugar factories (Guirga, Savola, Deshna, Komombo, Abokorkaus, Delta, Dakahlia, Qus, Nag-hamdy, Armant) and were used to isolate different microorganisms that were screened for their bioethanol productivity. The results showed that the molasses samples contained more microbes than venasses. Twelve isolates were molecularly identified as S. cerevisiae by PCRspecific primers, while 64 isolates were bacterial isolates. All the yeast and bacterial isolates were screened for bioethanol productivity. Isolate M3 showed the highest bioethanol productivity (74%) and was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Several factors affected the production of bioethanol, including sugar concentration, urea, and ammonium sulfate. When molasses was used as the carbon source, Klebsiella pneumoniae produced 1% (v/v) bioethanol by utilizing 20% molasses (sugar concentration), 0.4% urea, and 0.4% ammonium sulfate. When UV- mutagenesis was used to improve the bioethanol productivity, all the obtained mutants showed lower productivity compared to the wild-type (M3 isolate).

In the sugar industry, eliminating side impurities throughout the manufacturing process is the most significant obstacle to clarifying sugar solutions. Herein, magnetic chitosan (MCS) nanocomposite was Fabricated to be used as a biodegradable, environmentally friendly clarifying agent throughout the cane juice and sugar refining processes. Fe₃O₄ was synthesized using the coprecipitation procedure, and then MCS was combined using a cross-linking agent. Furthermore, 14.76 emu g⁻¹ was the maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) value. Because MCS is magnetically saturated, it may be possible to employ an external magnetic field to separate the contaminant deposited on its surface. Additionally, zeta potential analysis showed outstanding findings for MCS with a maximum value of (+) 20.7 mV, with improvement in color removal % up to 44.8% using MCS with more than 24% in color removal % compared to the traditional clarification process. Moreover, utilizing MCS reduced turbidity from 167 to 1 IU. Overall, we determined that MCS nanocomposite exhibits considerable effectiveness in the clarifying process for different sugar solutions, performing as an eco-friendly bio-sorbent and flocculating material.

Clarification of sugar solutions without side-contaminants during sugar manufacturing is still the main challenge in sugar factories. Herein, chitosan-cellulose (CS-CEL) and chitosan-powder activated carbon (CS-PAC) nanocomposites were synthesized to be used as green biodegradable clarifying agents in sugar refining process. PAC was obtained via physical activation procedures using water vapor at 950 °C on carbonized sugarcane bagasse waste, then CS-PAC was combined using a cross-linking agent. Zeta potential analysis gave remarkable results for CS-CEL and CS-PAC with maximum values (+) 57.73 mV and (+) 41.1 mV, respectively, with improvement in color removal % up to 45.5% using CS-PAC and 45.1% using CS-CEL with >25% compared to traditional clarification process. Also, turbidity decreased from 167 IU to 2 IU using CS-CEL and CS-PAC. Overall, we found that CS-CEL and CS-PAC …

The present paper aims to use natural biodegradable polymers of chitosan (CS) and cellulose (CEL) to synthesize green chitosan-cellulose (CS-CEL) nanocomposite as a new clarifying agent. This is the cutting-edge of the sugar industry's clarification process. The CS-CEL nanocomposite showed outstanding results in zeta potential analysis, with a maximum value (+) 57.73 mV, leading to remarkable results in color adsorption via electrostatic attraction. It was also observed that CS-CEL has high mechanical stability. When CS and CS-CEL nanocomposite were used in the clarification of sugarcane (MJ), the findings demonstrated an improvement in color removal of up to 8.7% using CS and 18.1% using CS-CEL nanocomposite compared to currently phosphotation clarification process. Also, Turbidity decreased using CS-CEL nanocomposite compared to the traditional phosphotation clarification process. Overall …