Radioactive pollution comes on the top of pollution types that affect human life directly through
damaging the human genome or indirectly via his food web. The current study focused on the evaluation
of radiation effects of Assiut Thermal Power Plant (ATPP) ashes on two crop plants, potato and squash, in
terms of morphological and molecular levels. More particularly, the specific activity concentrations were
measured in Bq/kg, of the 238U (226Ra) and 232Th series, and 40K-isotope for the untreated soil sample
(control) and ATPP ash sample (represents the radioactive source with 100% concentration). Different
concentrations of ATPP ash (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) were mixed with soil sample to study the effect of
radioactively contaminated soil on potato and squash plants. The results of the present investigation
revealed that the morphological characteristics of both potato and squash plants were changed, which
reflected a steep regression in the values of all vegetative growth and yield traits. The alterations of the
characteristic values were directly proportional to the radioactive ash concentration in the soil. In the
same context, the molecular evaluation using PCR-based markers, e.g., ISSR and SCoT helps in understanding
and explaining experimental observations at morphological level. ISSR/SCoT bands confirmed
the toxicity and mutagenicity of radioactive ash samples at their present dose on both potato and squash
plants. The present findings clearly explained the morphometric and genetic abnormalities in two of the
main consumed crops by a human. Thus, the green area around the ATPP may disappear in the future due
to increasing the pollution in terms of the radioactive component that directly attached to plants or
indirectly by mixing with soil.

Radioactive pollution comes on the top of pollution types that affect human life directly through
damaging the human genome or indirectly via his food web. The current study focused on the evaluation
of radiation effects of Assiut Thermal Power Plant (ATPP) ashes on two crop plants, potato and squash, in
terms of morphological and molecular levels. More particularly, the specific activity concentrations were
measured in Bq/kg, of the 238U (226Ra) and 232Th series, and 40K-isotope for the untreated soil sample
(control) and ATPP ash sample (represents the radioactive source with 100% concentration). Different
concentrations of ATPP ash (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) were mixed with soil sample to study the effect of
radioactively contaminated soil on potato and squash plants. The results of the present investigation
revealed that the morphological characteristics of both potato and squash plants were changed, which
reflected a steep regression in the values of all vegetative growth and yield traits. The alterations of the
characteristic values were directly proportional to the radioactive ash concentration in the soil. In the
same context, the molecular evaluation using PCR-based markers, e.g., ISSR and SCoT helps in understanding
and explaining experimental observations at morphological level. ISSR/SCoT bands confirmed
the toxicity and mutagenicity of radioactive ash samples at their present dose on both potato and squash
plants. The present findings clearly explained the morphometric and genetic abnormalities in two of the
main consumed crops by a human. Thus, the green area around the ATPP may disappear in the future due
to increasing the pollution in terms of the radioactive component that directly attached to plants or
indirectly by mixing with soil.

Despite the human brain being made of nearly 60% fat, the vast majority of studies on the mechanisms of neuronal communication which underpin cognition, memory and learning, primarily focus on proteins and/or (epi)genetic mechanisms. Phospholipids are the main component of all cellular membranes and function as substrates for numerous phospholipid-modifying enzymes, including phospholipases, which release free fatty acids (FFAs) and other lipid metabolites that can alter the intrinsic properties of the membranes, recruit and activate critical proteins, and act as lipid signalling molecules. Here, we will review brain specific phospholipases, their roles in membrane remodelling, neuronal function, learning and memory, as well as their disease implications. In particular, we will highlight key roles of unsaturated FFAs, particularly arachidonic acid, in neurotransmitter release, neuroinflammation and memory. In light of recent findings, we will also discuss the emerging role of phospholipase A1 and the creation of saturated FFAs in the brain.

: Exosomes are nano-membrane vesicles that various cell types secrete during physiological
and pathophysiological conditions. By shuttling bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins,
and lipids to target cells, exosomes serve as key regulators for multiple cellular processes, including
cancer metastasis. Recently, microvesicles have emerged as a challenge in the treatment of prostate
cancer (PCa), encountered either when the number of vesicles increases or when the vesicles move
into circulation, potentially with an ability to induce drug resistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
Notably, the exosomal cargo can induce the desmoplastic response of PCa-associated cells in a
tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote PCa metastasis. However, the crosstalk between PCaderived exosomes and the TME remains only partially understood. In this review, we provide new
insights into the metabolic and molecular signatures of PCa-associated exosomes in reprogramming
the TME, and the subsequent promotion of aggressive phenotypes of PCa cells. Elucidating the
molecular mechanisms of TME reprogramming by exosomes draws more practical and universal
conclusions for the development of new therapeutic interventions when considering TME in the
treatment of PCa patients.

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