This study provides a comprehensive anatomical and histological description of the eyelids of the Egyptian agama, Trapelus mutabilis. Both the movable upper and lower eyelids, as well as the thin and reduced third eyelid, represent distinctive features of the Egyptian agama's eye. The upper eyelid appears shorter than the lower one; furthermore, the cranial skin above the upper eyelid extends laterally to form a superior projection. Micro-ornamentations and sensory organs are located at the tips of the eyelid scales, which are arranged in an imbricated pattern. The histological structure of the upper eyelid closely resembles that of the lower eyelid. The external surface of both eyelids consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composed of two to four cell layers, while the internal surface is lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium. Melanophores and iridophores constitute the principal pigment cells in both eyelids. The third eyelid is a reduced fold with a concave surface that connects posteriorly with the lacrimal gland at the medial canthus of the eye. Its external surface is covered by stratified squamous epithelium, whereas the internal surface is lined with one or two layers of cuboidal cells with rounded nuclei that are continuous with the conjunctival epithelium. Video recordings of the species under laboratory conditions demonstrated synchronization between eyelid and eyeball movements. Based on these observations, the present authors propose that this species possesses multiple structural and functional adaptations that enhance ocular protection. Protection against ultraviolet radiation is reinforced by two types of pigment cells, while the hard eyelid scales, superior extensions of wide scales, and the presence of sensory organs at the scale tips collectively enhance the protective reflex against external stimuli. These features represent morphological adaptations to the harsh environmental conditions in which this species lives.