The Neoproterozoic ophiolites and the spatially associated arc rocks in the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) have an indispensable role in understanding its evolution history. These rocks are well exposed in the ANS, but their tectono-magmatic evolution remains uncertain. Here, we present zircon U-Pb and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating, whole rock geochemistry, and Nd-Hf isotopic compositions for arc metavolcanics (AMV), metagabbro-diorite (MGD), and ophiolitic metabasalts (OMBs) from the Egyptian Nubian Shield. The AMV and MGD are tholeiitic/calc-alkaline with LREE-enrichment and Nb-Ta-depletion like oceanic island arc rocks. Zircons from the MGD yielded a U-Pb age of 725.7 ± 4 Ma and most grains have εHf_(t) and two stage Hf model ages (T_DM^C) of + 3 to + 13 and 0.8 to 1.0 Ga, respectively, implying a juvenile source. The OMBs are divided into pillow and massive tholeiitic metabasalts. The pillow metabasalts yielded ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar minimum age of ∼ 713 Ma and εNd_(t) from + 3.61 to + 6.61. They exhibit LREE-enrichment {(La/Sm)_N = 1.07–1.53) and E-MORB signature like subduction-related rocks. The massive metabasalts are LREE-depleted {(La/Sm)_N = 0.50–0.83} with boninitic affinity and N-MORB signature. These geochemical attributes pointed toward a forearc setting for the OMBs. Within the framework of Gondwana assembly, the tectono-magmatic evolution of these rocks records a late Neoproterozoic subduction initiation at ∼ 726 Ma in the Mozambique Ocean, which resulted in mantle upwelling, extension, and partial melting. Extension in the forearc produced pillow lavas with E-MORB characteristics through decompression partial melting of a metasomatized mantle. Ongoing extension further facilitated melting of the depleted mantle residue generating metabasalt with boninitic affinity. The downdip motion of the lithosphere enriched the depleted residue again by subduction fluids that stimulates partial melting to form a primitive arc. Continued convergence led to closure of the Mozambique Ocean and collision between East and West Gondwana at ∼ 600 Ma, based on resetting of the Ar/Ar system in the AMV.