Domperidone is a dopamine antagonist antiemetic drug, water-insoluble and weakly basic with poor dissolution rates at high pH values. The current study aimed to improve such dissolution via adsorbates and co-adsorbates formulations. Adsorbates of drug with Avicel PH 101, Florite R and Aerosil 200 were prepared in different weight ratios by physical mixing, grinding and solvent deposition methods. Co-adsorbates of drug with Tween 80 and Aerosil 200 were prepared by solvent deposition method in different weight ratios. These systems were characterized using Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (P-XRD) and in-vitro dissolution. The results showed marked enhancement of domperidone dissolution at both pH1.2 and pH6.8 (7 fold and 5 fold, respectively) compared to drug alone.

Domperidone is a dopamine antagonist antiemetic drug, water-insoluble and weakly basic with poor dissolution rates at high pH values. The current study aimed to improve such dissolution via adsorbates and co-adsorbates formulations. Adsorbates of drug with Avicel PH 101, Florite R and Aerosil 200 were prepared in different weight ratios by physical mixing, grinding and solvent deposition methods. Co-adsorbates of drug with Tween 80 and Aerosil 200 were prepared by solvent deposition method in different weight ratios. These systems were characterized using Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (P-XRD) and in-vitro dissolution. The results showed marked enhancement of domperidone dissolution at both pH1.2 and pH6.8 (7 fold and 5 fold, respectively) compared to drug alone.

Domperidone is a dopamine antagonist antiemetic drug, water-insoluble and weakly basic with poor dissolution rates at high pH values. The current study aimed to improve such dissolution via adsorbates and co-adsorbates formulations. Adsorbates of drug with Avicel PH 101, Florite R and Aerosil 200 were prepared in different weight ratios by physical mixing, grinding and solvent deposition methods. Co-adsorbates of drug with Tween 80 and Aerosil 200 were prepared by solvent deposition method in different weight ratios. These systems were characterized using Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (P-XRD) and in-vitro dissolution. The results showed marked enhancement of domperidone dissolution at both pH1.2 and pH6.8 (7 fold and 5 fold, respectively) compared to drug alone.

To overcome the well-known problems encountered with surface fouling of carbon electrodes that occurred with many compounds, we report a simple and rapid method for the preparation of a disposable sensor depending on electrodeposition of porous Cu-microparticles on pencil graphite electrode (Cu-PGE) that can be applied for sensing antiviral compound valacyclovir (VAL). The bare and porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and SEM. The porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrode displayed distinct electrocatalytic activities in response to the electrochemical redox reaction of Cu2+ ion in the Cu-VAL complex. Adsorptive square wave stripping voltammetry (AdSWV) was used for the direct electrochemical determination of VAL. Under experimental conditions, the modified electrode had a linear response range from 2.0x10-9 M to 1.0x10-8 M VAL with a detection limit of 1.78x10-10 M. The procedure was applied to the assay of VAL in tablets with mean percentage recoveries of 100.28%. The porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrode (Cu-PGE) is fabricated utilizing a simple single method, and at an extremely low cost with high stability, sensitivity and offering a promising tool for sensing VAL in quality control laboratories and in stability studies.

To overcome the well-known problems encountered with surface fouling of carbon electrodes that occurred with many compounds, we report a simple and rapid method for the preparation of a disposable sensor depending on electrodeposition of porous Cu-microparticles on pencil graphite electrode (Cu-PGE) that can be applied for sensing antiviral compound valacyclovir (VAL). The bare and porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and SEM. The porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrode displayed distinct electrocatalytic activities in response to the electrochemical redox reaction of Cu2+ ion in the Cu-VAL complex. Adsorptive square wave stripping voltammetry (AdSWV) was used for the direct electrochemical determination of VAL. Under experimental conditions, the modified electrode had a linear response range from 2.0x10-9 M to 1.0x10-8 M VAL with a detection limit of 1.78x10-10 M. The procedure was applied to the assay of VAL in tablets with mean percentage recoveries of 100.28%. The porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrode (Cu-PGE) is fabricated utilizing a simple single method, and at an extremely low cost with high stability, sensitivity and offering a promising tool for sensing VAL in quality control laboratories and in stability studies.

To overcome the well-known problems encountered with surface fouling of carbon electrodes that occurred with many compounds, we report a simple and rapid method for the preparation of a disposable sensor depending on electrodeposition of porous Cu-microparticles on pencil graphite electrode (Cu-PGE) that can be applied for sensing antiviral compound valacyclovir (VAL). The bare and porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and SEM. The porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrode displayed distinct electrocatalytic activities in response to the electrochemical redox reaction of Cu2+ ion in the Cu-VAL complex. Adsorptive square wave stripping voltammetry (AdSWV) was used for the direct electrochemical determination of VAL. Under experimental conditions, the modified electrode had a linear response range from 2.0x10-9 M to 1.0x10-8 M VAL with a detection limit of 1.78x10-10 M. The procedure was applied to the assay of VAL in tablets with mean percentage recoveries of 100.28%. The porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrode (Cu-PGE) is fabricated utilizing a simple single method, and at an extremely low cost with high stability, sensitivity and offering a promising tool for sensing VAL in quality control laboratories and in stability studies.

To overcome the well-known problems encountered with surface fouling of carbon electrodes that occurred with many compounds, we report a simple and rapid method for the preparation of a disposable sensor depending on electrodeposition of porous Cu-microparticles on pencil graphite electrode (Cu-PGE) that can be applied for sensing antiviral compound valacyclovir (VAL). The bare and porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and SEM. The porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrode displayed distinct electrocatalytic activities in response to the electrochemical redox reaction of Cu2+ ion in the Cu-VAL complex. Adsorptive square wave stripping voltammetry (AdSWV) was used for the direct electrochemical determination of VAL. Under experimental conditions, the modified electrode had a linear response range from 2.0x10-9 M to 1.0x10-8 M VAL with a detection limit of 1.78x10-10 M. The procedure was applied to the assay of VAL in tablets with mean percentage recoveries of 100.28%. The porous Cu-modified pencil graphite electrode (Cu-PGE) is fabricated utilizing a simple single method, and at an extremely low cost with high stability, sensitivity and offering a promising tool for sensing VAL in quality control laboratories and in stability studies.

An electrochemical sensor for acyclovir (ACV) based on polymerization of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on electrochemically pretreated pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was built for the first time. A synergistic effect of β-CD was used to construct this sensor for quantification of this important drug. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that polymer of β-CD has been successfully modified on the electrode. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) exhibited two linear dynamic ranges of 5x10-8 to 6x10-7 M and 1x10-6 to 9x10-6 M of ACV for its oxidation and the detection limit was found to be as low as 7.59x10-9 M of ACV. The parameters affecting ACV oxidation were investigated. The prepared electrodes showed good fabrication reproducibility. The analytical applications of the prepared electrodes were tested by using ACV dosage forms and human urine as a real sample. The SWV analysis has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of ACV in health human volunteers after oral administration of a single dose of Zovirax suspension (400 mg/5 mL).

An electrochemical sensor for acyclovir (ACV) based on polymerization of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on electrochemically pretreated pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was built for the first time. A synergistic effect of β-CD was used to construct this sensor for quantification of this important drug. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that polymer of β-CD has been successfully modified on the electrode. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) exhibited two linear dynamic ranges of 5x10-8 to 6x10-7 M and 1x10-6 to 9x10-6 M of ACV for its oxidation and the detection limit was found to be as low as 7.59x10-9 M of ACV. The parameters affecting ACV oxidation were investigated. The prepared electrodes showed good fabrication reproducibility. The analytical applications of the prepared electrodes were tested by using ACV dosage forms and human urine as a real sample. The SWV analysis has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of ACV in health human volunteers after oral administration of a single dose of Zovirax suspension (400 mg/5 mL).

An electrochemical sensor for acyclovir (ACV) based on polymerization of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on electrochemically pretreated pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was built for the first time. A synergistic effect of β-CD was used to construct this sensor for quantification of this important drug. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that polymer of β-CD has been successfully modified on the electrode. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) exhibited two linear dynamic ranges of 5x10-8 to 6x10-7 M and 1x10-6 to 9x10-6 M of ACV for its oxidation and the detection limit was found to be as low as 7.59x10-9 M of ACV. The parameters affecting ACV oxidation were investigated. The prepared electrodes showed good fabrication reproducibility. The analytical applications of the prepared electrodes were tested by using ACV dosage forms and human urine as a real sample. The SWV analysis has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of ACV in health human volunteers after oral administration of a single dose of Zovirax suspension (400 mg/5 mL).