The aim of this work was to formulate and evaluate nalidixic acid for the first time in different topical ointment bases. Among different ointment formulations, hydrocarbon base achieved the lowest release, while water-soluble base achieved the highest release. The presence of both isopropanol as cosolvent and nalidixic acid-sodium benzoate solid dispersion in formula (W8) enhanced both the release and the antibacterial activity of nalidixic acid compared to ointment formula (W5) containing neither of them. A stability study was also performed where no significant change in pH or drug content was observed in all stored formulations (W5 and W8). Stability was further checked by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). After clinical application in impetigo, it was found that the presence of isopropanol and nalidixic acid-sodium benzoate solid dispersion in ointment formulation (W8) caused a significant reduction in the mean time of healing (only four days) in impetigo patients.

The aim of this work was to formulate and evaluate nalidixic acid for the first time in different topical ointment bases. Among different ointment formulations, hydrocarbon base achieved the lowest release, while water-soluble base achieved the highest release. The presence of both isopropanol as cosolvent and nalidixic acid-sodium benzoate solid dispersion in formula (W8) enhanced both the release and the antibacterial activity of nalidixic acid compared to ointment formula (W5) containing neither of them. A stability study was also performed where no significant change in pH or drug content was observed in all stored formulations (W5 and W8). Stability was further checked by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). After clinical application in impetigo, it was found that the presence of isopropanol and nalidixic acid-sodium benzoate solid dispersion in ointment formulation (W8) caused a significant reduction in the mean time of healing (only four days) in impetigo patients.

A new, simple, and stability indicating thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method has been developed for estimation of norfloxacin. Study was performed on precoated silica gel F254 TLC plate using environmentally safe mobile phase consisting of n-butanol : methanol : ammonia (33%) (8:1:3.5 v/v). A Camag TLC Scanner 3 set at 282 nm was used for direct determination of the chromatograms in the reflectance / absorbance mode. Method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Determination coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9962 in the range 6–150 ng/band with limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.01 ng/band and 3.06 ng/band, respectively. Statistical comparison of the results with those of the official HPLC method showed good agreement between the official and the proposed methods with respect to accuracy and precision. Norfloxacin was subjected to forced degradation at 150°C with 2M HCl or 2M NaOH, and the degradation rate in both cases was studied. The calculated first order rate constant for the degradation were determined at 0.056 and 0.023 hour1 and the t½ were 12.28 and 30.09 hr for acid and base degradation, respectively. The method has the potential to determine norfloxacin in different dosage forms and in quality control laboratories.

A new, simple, and stability indicating thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method has been developed for estimation of norfloxacin. Study was performed on precoated silica gel F254 TLC plate using environmentally safe mobile phase consisting of n-butanol : methanol : ammonia (33%) (8:1:3.5 v/v). A Camag TLC Scanner 3 set at 282 nm was used for direct determination of the chromatograms in the reflectance / absorbance mode. Method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Determination coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9962 in the range 6–150 ng/band with limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.01 ng/band and 3.06 ng/band, respectively. Statistical comparison of the results with those of the official HPLC method showed good agreement between the official and the proposed methods with respect to accuracy and precision. Norfloxacin was subjected to forced degradation at 150°C with 2M HCl or 2M NaOH, and the degradation rate in both cases was studied. The calculated first order rate constant for the degradation were determined at 0.056 and 0.023 hour1 and the t½ were 12.28 and 30.09 hr for acid and base degradation, respectively. The method has the potential to determine norfloxacin in different dosage forms and in quality control laboratories.

A new, simple, and stability indicating thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method has been developed for estimation of norfloxacin. Study was performed on precoated silica gel F254 TLC plate using environmentally safe mobile phase consisting of n-butanol : methanol : ammonia (33%) (8:1:3.5 v/v). A Camag TLC Scanner 3 set at 282 nm was used for direct determination of the chromatograms in the reflectance / absorbance mode. Method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Determination coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9962 in the range 6–150 ng/band with limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.01 ng/band and 3.06 ng/band, respectively. Statistical comparison of the results with those of the official HPLC method showed good agreement between the official and the proposed methods with respect to accuracy and precision. Norfloxacin was subjected to forced degradation at 150°C with 2M HCl or 2M NaOH, and the degradation rate in both cases was studied. The calculated first order rate constant for the degradation were determined at 0.056 and 0.023 hour1 and the t½ were 12.28 and 30.09 hr for acid and base degradation, respectively. The method has the potential to determine norfloxacin in different dosage forms and in quality control laboratories.

A new, simple, and stability indicating thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method has been developed for estimation of norfloxacin. Study was performed on precoated silica gel F254 TLC plate using environmentally safe mobile phase consisting of n-butanol : methanol : ammonia (33%) (8:1:3.5 v/v). A Camag TLC Scanner 3 set at 282 nm was used for direct determination of the chromatograms in the reflectance / absorbance mode. Method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Determination coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9962 in the range 6–150 ng/band with limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.01 ng/band and 3.06 ng/band, respectively. Statistical comparison of the results with those of the official HPLC method showed good agreement between the official and the proposed methods with respect to accuracy and precision. Norfloxacin was subjected to forced degradation at 150°C with 2M HCl or 2M NaOH, and the degradation rate in both cases was studied. The calculated first order rate constant for the degradation were determined at 0.056 and 0.023 hour1 and the t½ were 12.28 and 30.09 hr for acid and base degradation, respectively. The method has the potential to determine norfloxacin in different dosage forms and in quality control laboratories.

This study investigated optimizing the formulation parameters for encapsulation of a model mucinolytic enzyme, -chymotrypsin (-CH), within a novel polymer; poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(glycerol adipate-co--pentadecalactone), PEG-co-(PGA-co-PDL) which were then applied to the formulation of DNase I. -CH or DNase I loaded microparticles were prepared via spray drying from double emulsion (w1/o/w2) utilizing chloroform (CHF) as the organic solvent, L-leucine as a dispersibility enhancer and an internal aqueous phase (w1) containing PEG4500 or Pluronic® F-68 (PLF68). -CH released from microparticles was investigated for bioactivity using the azocasein assay and the mucinolytic activity was assessed utilizing the degradation of mucin suspension assay. The chemical structure of PEG-co-(PGA-co-PDL) was characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR with both analyses confirming PEG incorporated into the polymer backbone, and any unreacted units removed. Optimum formulation -CH-CHF/PLF68, 1% produced the highest bioactivity, enzyme encapsulation (20.083.91%), loading (22.314.34 µg/mg), FPF (fine particle fraction) (37.630.97%); FPD (fine particle dose) (179.889.43 µg), MMAD (mass median aerodynamic diameter) (2.951.61 µm), and the mucinolytic activity was equal to the native non-encapsulated enzyme up to 5 h. DNase I-CHF/PLF68, 1% resulted in enzyme encapsulation (17.443.11%), loading (19.313.27 µg/mg) and activity (81.92.7%). The results indicate PEG-co-(PGA-co-PDL) can be considered as a potential biodegradable polymer carrier for dry powder inhalation of macromolecules for treatment of local pulmonary diseases.

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Sanchezia nobilis Hook. family Acanthaceae has yielded matsutake alcohol (1-octen-3-ol) (1) and four matsutake alcohol glycosides identified as 3-O--glucopyranosyl-1-octen-3-ol (2), 3-O--glucopyranosyl-(16)--glucopyranosyl-1-octen-3-ol (3), 3-O--arabino-pyranosyl-(16)--glucopyran-osyl-1-octen-3-ol (4), and 3-O--arabino-pyranosyl-(16)--glucopyranosyl-(16)--glucopyranosyl-1-octen-3-ol (5). The structures of the isolated compounds were assigned on the basis of different techniques of NMR spectral analysis. Compounds 1–4 have been isolated here for the first time from the family Acanthaceae, while compound 5 is isolated here for the first time from a natural source.