From the aerial part of Euphorbia aphylla, nine compounds were isolated (1-9) and identified by different spectral techniques as well as comparison with authentic samples. The isolated compounds included two triterpenes(β-amyrone (1) and euphol(2)), two sterols (β-sitosterol (3) and β-sitosterolglucoside (4)) and five phenolic compounds (gallic acid (5), quercetin (6), quercetin-3-O-(2’’,3’’-digalloyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (7), 3,4,3’-O-trimethyl ellagic acid 4’-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (8) and (3,4,3’-tri-O-methyl ellagicacid4’-ruti noside)(9)). The anti-inflammatory, anti pyretic, and anti oxidant and anti microbial activities were carried out on different plant fractions.