The study aims to identify child abuse at home in urban and rural areas of Assiut Governorate. The sample comprised 400 mothers; 200 mothers from Assuit City and 200 from three rural villages around Assuit. A questionnaire sheet was designed to collect the relevant information about child neglect (physical, medical, safety and educational) and child abuse (emotional and physical). The study was carried out during the period from January, to the end of September 2003. The study revealed that children living within overcrowded families are liable to suffer from neglect either physical, safety, medical or educational than those living in small sized families. Family instability especially traveling of parents or parental separation are important factors leading to child abuse. Neglect ( physical, safety and medical) decrease with increased live I of education. Finally safety and medical neglect are higher in rural than in urban localities.