Nutrition support can result in improved wound healing, a decreased catabolic response to injury, enhanced immune system function, improved gastrointestinal structure and function, and improved clinical outcomes). The appropriately and timely nutritional intervention can improve patient recovery and survival, decrease complication rates, and decrease costs. Gastrointestinal complications (vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal distension) are most commonly associated with complications derived from enteral feeding. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the effect of the intermittent enteral feeding schedule on the occurrence of gastrointestinal complications and the length of the hospital stay among critically ill patients at Assiut University Hospitals. Design: a quasi-experimental design. Setting: trauma ICU at Assiut University Hospitals and the study took approximately one year started from July 2010 till July 2011. Patients: A convenience sample of 80 adults' critically ill patients on enteral feeding constituted the study sample. The patients were assigned randomly into two equal groups (control group and study group, 40 patients each).. Methods: The only manipulation was in the rest period and time interval in which the study group subjects were rested 8hours at night as compared to 6hours for the control ones, as well study group subjects were having 4hours time interval between each two consecutive feeding as compared to 2hours for control group subjects. Results: There was a significant statistical difference between both groups (p=0.000)indicating lesser hospital stay among study group subjects (52.5 % of the study group subjects were hospitalized less than one month as compared to 35 % of the control group subjects were stayed between 30 to less than 45 days). It was also found that, 57.5% of control group patients developed gastrointestinal complications as compared to 45% of the study group patients (n.s). Conclusion: intermittent 4-hour enteral feeding schedule had lowered the incidence of gastrointestinal complication and length of the hospital stay.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an emerging global epidemic disease. Egypt reports the highest incidence in the world. Aim of the study: To estimate seroprevalence and to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HCV and HBV among barbers and their customers in Assiut District, Egypt. Methods: Quesi-experimental research design carried out in Assiut District and City. Included 350 participants (175 barbers and 175 customers). Data collected by using three tools; tool (1): interview form consisted of four parts; first part included demographic data. The second part included assessment of medical and surgical history of barbers and customers. The third part included assessment of knowledge regarding the HCV&HBV. Fourth part: Included serological blood tests to detect infection with HCV and HBV. Tool (2): Included Likert attitude scale. Tool (3): Observational checklist to assess practices of barbers and customers.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an emerging global epidemic disease. Egypt reports the highest incidence in the world. Aim of the study: To estimate seroprevalence and to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HCV and HBV among barbers and their customers in Assiut District, Egypt. Methods: Quesi-experimental research design carried out in Assiut District and City. Included 350 participants (175 barbers and 175 customers). Data collected by using three tools; tool (1): interview form consisted of four parts; first part included demographic data. The second part included assessment of medical and surgical history of barbers and customers. The third part included assessment of knowledge regarding the HCV&HBV. Fourth part: Included serological blood tests to detect infection with HCV and HBV. Tool (2): Included Likert attitude scale. Tool (3): Observational checklist to assess practices of barbers and customers.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an emerging global epidemic disease. Egypt reported the highest incidence in the world. Aim of the study: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of barbers and their customers regarding HCV and HBV. Setting: The study carried out in Assiut District and City. Design: Descriptive research design. Sample: Included 350 participants (175 barbers and 175 customers). Tools of the study: Data collected by three tools; Tool (1): interview form included three parts; first part included demographic data; second part included assessment of medical and surgical history of barbers and customers and third part included assessment of knowledge regarding the HCV&HBV. Tool (2): Included Likert attitude scale. Tool (3): Observational checklist to assess practices of barbers and customers. Results: Majority of barbers and their customers (88.6% and 80.6% respectively) had poor knowledge regarding HCV and HBV. Conclusion: There was a statistical significant difference among customers' knowledge, their level of education and their residence. Moreover there was a significant difference between customers' attitude and their residence. Recommendations: Need for ongoing training and retraining programs for barbers regarding methods of prevention of parentally transmitted hepatitis. Increase public awareness about risk factors and prevention methods of HCV and HBV infection.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an emerging global epidemic disease. Egypt reported the highest incidence in the world. Aim of the study: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of barbers and their customers regarding HCV and HBV. Setting: The study carried out in Assiut District and City. Design: Descriptive research design. Sample: Included 350 participants (175 barbers and 175 customers). Tools of the study: Data collected by three tools; Tool (1): interview form included three parts; first part included demographic data; second part included assessment of medical and surgical history of barbers and customers and third part included assessment of knowledge regarding the HCV&HBV. Tool (2): Included Likert attitude scale. Tool (3): Observational checklist to assess practices of barbers and customers. Results: Majority of barbers and their customers (88.6% and 80.6% respectively) had poor knowledge regarding HCV and HBV. Conclusion: There was a statistical significant difference among customers' knowledge, their level of education and their residence. Moreover there was a significant difference between customers' attitude and their residence. Recommendations: Need for ongoing training and retraining programs for barbers regarding methods of prevention of parentally transmitted hepatitis. Increase public awareness about risk factors and prevention methods of HCV and HBV infection.

Women in developing countries face many barriers that prevent them from receiving adequate, timely cervical cancer screening. In Egypt the prevalence of cervical cancer was 7.8/100,000 with 2713 newly annual reported cases. Objectives: to increase women's awareness of cervical cancer risk using counseling and to determine nursing's role in the screening tests. Methods: A cross sectional design of non-pregnant, non-virginal women was recruited. Results: 450 non-pregnant women were counseled and consented for screening. The nurse was able to identify squamous columnar junction 100%. In comparing positive visual inspection with acetic acid(VIA) to pap smear screening results, findings were 17.1% (n=77) and 5.1% (n=68), respectively. In comparing negative VIA to pap smear screening results findings were 82.9% (n=373) and 83.8% (n=377), respectively. Conclusion: Nurse's performing VIA is as effective screening tool for determining precancerous or cancerous lesions.

Women in developing countries face many barriers that prevent them from receiving adequate, timely cervical cancer screening. In Egypt the prevalence of cervical cancer was 7.8/100,000 with 2713 newly annual reported cases. Objectives: to increase women's awareness of cervical cancer risk using counseling and to determine nursing's role in the screening tests. Methods: A cross sectional design of non-pregnant, non-virginal women was recruited. Results: 450 non-pregnant women were counseled and consented for screening. The nurse was able to identify squamous columnar junction 100%. In comparing positive visual inspection with acetic acid(VIA) to pap smear screening results, findings were 17.1% (n=77) and 5.1% (n=68), respectively. In comparing negative VIA to pap smear screening results findings were 82.9% (n=373) and 83.8% (n=377), respectively. Conclusion: Nurse's performing VIA is as effective screening tool for determining precancerous or cancerous lesions.

Cardiac catheterization remains the most definitive procedure for diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease. Aim: this study was carried out to investigate the impact of early ambulation post transfemoral coronary procedures on back pain, urinary discomfort and vascular complications. Design: a quasi-experimental design. Setting: in catheterization and coronary care units. Subjects: A convenience sample of all adult educable and mentally competent male and female patients aged from (18-60 years old) who are scheduled for non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary angiography (CA) through femoral artery during a period from july 2010 to june2011 were eligible for inclusion in the sample. Tools: Four tools were utilized to collect data pertinent to the study, tool assessment of patients after femoral sheath removal and angioplasty data tool II: assessment of back pain tool III: urinary discomfort assessment tool. tool IV: vascular complications measurement after femoral cardiac catheterization Methods: patients in the study group were ambulate after four hours bed rest post transfemoral PCI and 2 hours after CA, whereas patients in the control group were ambulate after 12–24 hours post transfemoral PCI and 6-8 hours after CA(usual care). Results: Finding of the present study revealed that a significant statistical difference was existed between both studied groups in relation to back pain and urinary discomfort for PCI and CA. As regards to vascular complication, no significant statistical differences were put into evidence between both studied groups. Conclusion: early ambulation is safe and feasible for patients undergoing PCI and CA. Key words: early ambulation, femoral coronary procedures, back pain, urinary discomfort, nurse's role, and vascular complications.

Television gives children a distorted image of the world; it makes it harder for children to distinguish reality from fantasy. This study was conducted to identify the effect of television watching habits on the behaviours of primary school children in Assiut city, Egypt, using a descriptive cross-sectional research design and quota sample technique to recruit (382) parents of children. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data related to the socio-demographic characteristics, television watching habits, tendency for violence. The Parent Report Form of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was also used. As regards television viewing habits, the children were classified into three groups: the first did not watch television on a daily base or watched it less than 2 hours daily; the second group watched it from 2-4 hours daily and the third group watched it more than 4 hours daily. The mean age of the pupils was (9.1) years. Television viewing time had a positive correlation with externalizing subscales which combine the delinquent behaviour and aggressive behaviour of children. In contrast, a negative correlation was found in relation to children activities, social, school achievement, total level of competence and anxiety/depression. The mean score for the total competence for both boys and girls was explicitly lower among group III than group I. On the other hand, the mean score for somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviour and aggressive behaviour was higher among group III than groups II & I. 64.3%, 60.0% & 100.0%, respectively, of the studied children who watched television more than 4 hours daily had mild, moderate and sever tendency for violence. A significant relation was found between tendency for violence and television viewing time as well as contents which are mainly violent and horror. The main recommendation is that parents should be advised and encouraged through an educational program to restrict the television viewing time of their children to less than two hours daily and exclude violent and horror materials