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Background: The most common disorders of the thyroid gland are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Both have been linked to cell damage. Aim of Work: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of melatonin administration on the testis of both hyperthyroidic and hypothyroidic adult male albino rats models. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were used in this study and divided into five groups; ten rats each. Control group (G1) was given distilled water. Hyperthyroidic group (G2) was given thyroxin (0.2 mg/kg b.w). Hyperthyroidic+melatonin group (G3) was given thyroxin (0.2 mg/kg b.w) and melatonin (2.5 mg / kg b.w). Hypothyroidic group (G4) was given carbimazole (1.35 mg/kg b.w). Hypothyroidic+melatonin group (G5) was given carbimazole (1.35 mg/kg b.w) and melatonin (2.5 mg / kg b.w). All the treatments were given orally for 15 days. At the end of the study, the animals of all groups were sacrificed and their testes were rapidly dissected out. The testicular mass was calculated. Testicular specimens of each group were processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Results: The testicular mass was significantly decreased in both hyperthyroidic group (G2) and hypothyroidic group (G4) when compared with the control. Light and electron microscopy of the hyperthyroidic group (G2) and hypothyroidic group (G4) showed seminiferous tubular germ cells disorganization with increased intercellular spaces, necrosis and cellular damage. Melatonin supplementation to rats given Thyroxin (G3) improved the testicular mass and the cell damage. On the contrary, melatonin supplementation to rats given carbimazole (G5) did …

Background: The most common disorders of the thyroid gland are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Both have been linked to cell damage. Aim of Work: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of melatonin administration on the testis of both hyperthyroidic and hypothyroidic adult male albino rats models. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were used in this study and divided into five groups; ten rats each. Control group (G1) was given distilled water. Hyperthyroidic group (G2) was given thyroxin (0.2 mg/kg b.w). Hyperthyroidic+melatonin group (G3) was given thyroxin (0.2 mg/kg b.w) and melatonin (2.5 mg / kg b.w). Hypothyroidic group (G4) was given carbimazole (1.35 mg/kg b.w). Hypothyroidic+melatonin group (G5) was given carbimazole (1.35 mg/kg b.w) and melatonin (2.5 mg / kg b.w). All the treatments were given orally for 15 days. At the end of the study, the animals of all groups were sacrificed and their testes were rapidly dissected out. The testicular mass was calculated. Testicular specimens of each group were processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Results: The testicular mass was significantly decreased in both hyperthyroidic group (G2) and hypothyroidic group (G4) when compared with the control. Light and electron microscopy of the hyperthyroidic group (G2) and hypothyroidic group (G4) showed seminiferous tubular germ cells disorganization with increased intercellular spaces, necrosis and cellular damage. Melatonin supplementation to rats given Thyroxin (G3) improved the testicular mass and the cell damage. On the contrary, melatonin supplementation to rats given carbimazole (G5) did …

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Reperfusion of tissues following a prolonged period of an acute-onset ischemia causes injury to distant organs such as the lungs, kidneys, heart and liver through mediators released from the ischemic tissue entering the systemic circulation. Aerobic physical training of a moderate intensity has been recognized to improve the cardiorespiratory function. Aim of the work: This study was designed to investigate the influence of physical training on the remote lung damage induced by rat hind-limb I/R injury. Material and Methods: 30 adult male rats, weighing (200-250) gm were used in this study. The rats were divided into three equal groups: the control group, I/R group (underwent limb ischemia for 3 hours followed by 3 hours of reperfusion) and exercise + I/R group (trained rats for 4 weeks were subjected to limb ischemia for 3 hours and then 3 hours of reperfusion. At the end of the 3 hours of reperfusion, the rats were sacrificed and the specimens from the lung were taken. The specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic study. The area percentage of collagen fiber content was measured and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Light microscopic examination of I/R group showed thickened interalveolar septa with massive interstitial cellular infiltration, loss of normal architecture of the lung and hypertrophied arterial wall. The ultrastructure showed pneumocytes with rarified, vacuolated cytoplasm and destructed organelles. Type II pneumocytes were characterized by the presence of large vacuoles and few lamellar bodies. Alveolar macrophage showed numerous dense bodies, autophagic vacuoles …

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Reperfusion of tissues following a prolonged period of an acute-onset ischemia causes injury to distant organs such as the lungs, kidneys, heart and liver through mediators released from the ischemic tissue entering the systemic circulation. Aerobic physical training of a moderate intensity has been recognized to improve the cardiorespiratory function. Aim of the work: This study was designed to investigate the influence of physical training on the remote lung damage induced by rat hind-limb I/R injury. Material and Methods: 30 adult male rats, weighing (200-250) gm were used in this study. The rats were divided into three equal groups: the control group, I/R group (underwent limb ischemia for 3 hours followed by 3 hours of reperfusion) and exercise + I/R group (trained rats for 4 weeks were subjected to limb ischemia for 3 hours and then 3 hours of reperfusion. At the end of the 3 hours of reperfusion, the rats were sacrificed and the specimens from the lung were taken. The specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic study. The area percentage of collagen fiber content was measured and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Light microscopic examination of I/R group showed thickened interalveolar septa with massive interstitial cellular infiltration, loss of normal architecture of the lung and hypertrophied arterial wall. The ultrastructure showed pneumocytes with rarified, vacuolated cytoplasm and destructed organelles. Type II pneumocytes were characterized by the presence of large vacuoles and few lamellar bodies. Alveolar macrophage showed numerous dense bodies, autophagic vacuoles …

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Reperfusion of tissues following a prolonged period of an acute-onset ischemia causes injury to distant organs such as the lungs, kidneys, heart and liver through mediators released from the ischemic tissue entering the systemic circulation. Aerobic physical training of a moderate intensity has been recognized to improve the cardiorespiratory function. Aim of the work: This study was designed to investigate the influence of physical training on the remote lung damage induced by rat hind-limb I/R injury. Material and Methods: 30 adult male rats, weighing (200-250) gm were used in this study. The rats were divided into three equal groups: the control group, I/R group (underwent limb ischemia for 3 hours followed by 3 hours of reperfusion) and exercise + I/R group (trained rats for 4 weeks were subjected to limb ischemia for 3 hours and then 3 hours of reperfusion. At the end of the 3 hours of reperfusion, the rats were sacrificed and the specimens from the lung were taken. The specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic study. The area percentage of collagen fiber content was measured and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Light microscopic examination of I/R group showed thickened interalveolar septa with massive interstitial cellular infiltration, loss of normal architecture of the lung and hypertrophied arterial wall. The ultrastructure showed pneumocytes with rarified, vacuolated cytoplasm and destructed organelles. Type II pneumocytes were characterized by the presence of large vacuoles and few lamellar bodies. Alveolar macrophage showed numerous dense bodies, autophagic vacuoles …

AbstractBackground: The foetal kidney development is important for its normal function. The Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) is used to assess the amniotic fluid volume. The main source of the amniotic fluid is the foetal urine. Aim of the Work: To establish reference values for the foetal kidney length and the AFI throughout the second and third trimesters of the normal Upper Egyptian pregnancies and to clarify the correlations between these measurements. Subject and Methods: An ultrasonographic examination was performed to measure the foetal kidney length and the AFI on 232 normal pregnant women from the 14th week to the 42nd week of gestation. The correlations between the measurements were analysed statistically. Results: The foetal kidney length increased gradually with gestation. There was a significantly positive correlation between the foetal kidney length and the gestational age. The linear regression showed that the gestational age could be assessed by using the foetal kidney length with an accuracy of ±1.078 week. From the 14th week, the AFI increased progressively until the 24th week. There was a positive correlation between the AFI and the gestational age and between the AFI and the foetal kidney length. From the 25th week to the 32nd week, the AFI demonstrated little variations. From the 33rd week, the AFI declined gradually. There was a negative correlation between the AFI and the gestational age and between the AFI and the foetal kidney length. Conclusion: The present study introduces reference values for both the foetal kidney length and the AFI in the normal Upper Egyptian pregnancies. It also discusses the correlation …

AbstractBackground: The foetal kidney development is important for its normal function. The Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) is used to assess the amniotic fluid volume. The main source of the amniotic fluid is the foetal urine. Aim of the Work: To establish reference values for the foetal kidney length and the AFI throughout the second and third trimesters of the normal Upper Egyptian pregnancies and to clarify the correlations between these measurements. Subject and Methods: An ultrasonographic examination was performed to measure the foetal kidney length and the AFI on 232 normal pregnant women from the 14th week to the 42nd week of gestation. The correlations between the measurements were analysed statistically. Results: The foetal kidney length increased gradually with gestation. There was a significantly positive correlation between the foetal kidney length and the gestational age. The linear regression showed that the gestational age could be assessed by using the foetal kidney length with an accuracy of ±1.078 week. From the 14th week, the AFI increased progressively until the 24th week. There was a positive correlation between the AFI and the gestational age and between the AFI and the foetal kidney length. From the 25th week to the 32nd week, the AFI demonstrated little variations. From the 33rd week, the AFI declined gradually. There was a negative correlation between the AFI and the gestational age and between the AFI and the foetal kidney length. Conclusion: The present study introduces reference values for both the foetal kidney length and the AFI in the normal Upper Egyptian pregnancies. It also discusses the correlation …