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Aim: 7o maluate the efficacy of laser arytenoidectomy with posterior cordectomy for the treatment of bilateral abductor paralysis. Methods: 12 patients with bitateral abductor paralysis after tltyroidectomy were included in the study,. All p_atients were tracheostomized).. All patients were subjected to full history taking, rigid direct laryngoscopy, and fibroptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy,- aerodynamic eualuation of ztoice and"floto oolume loop spirometry pre and 6 months postoperatitsely. Laser arytenoidectomy and posterior cordectomy were done for all patients with local mitomycin application intraoperatiztely. Results: All patients healed utell with decanulation within 2 weeks with no complications 6 months postoperatioely. Subiectioely, 9 patients (75%) ret:ealed marked improoement and 25% reoealed mild improoement. Objectbely, the flow aolume loop spirogram 'parameters znere improtsed with the FIFmax to be most irnprooed. Aerodynamic eztaluation of tsoice reoealed no significant deterioration. 'No granulation tisiue or granuloma, scar formation or aspiration problem roere detected postoperatioely. Conclusions: We conclude that the laser arytenoidectomy and posterior cordectomy is a useful and efrcacious procedure for the treatment of bilateral aocal cord paralysis post thyroidectomy. It prooides improttement of the airway enough to decanulate the patients. Also no obaious t:oice deterioration or subclinical aspiration is liable to occur. Mitomycin application seems to decrease the occurrence of postoperatiae granulation tissue and granuloma formation. Longer follow up period and more flout rtolume loop spirometry are flecessflry to haae more significant oalues.

Heart development requires coordinated activity of various factors, the disturbance of which can lead to congenital heart defects. Heart lectin-associated matrix protein-1 (hLAMP-1) is a matrix protein expressed within Hensen's node at Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stage 4, in the lateral mesoderm by HH stages 5-6 and enhanced within the left pre-cardiac field at HH stage 7. At HH stages 15-16, hLAMP-1 expression is observed in the atrioventricular canal and the outflow tract. Also, the role of hLAMP-1 in induction of mesenchyme formation in chick heart has been well documented. To further elucidate the role of this molecule in heart development, we examined its expression patterns during HH stages 8-14 in the chick. In this regard, we immunostained sections of the heart during HH stages 8-14 with antibodies specific to hLAMP-1. Our results showed prominent expression of hLAMP-1-positive particles in the extracellular matrix associated with the pre-cardiac mesoderm, the endoderm, ectoderm as well as neuroectoderm at HH stages 8-9. After formation of the linear heart tube at HH stage 10, the expression of hLAMP-1-stained particles disappears in those regions of original contact between the endoderm and heart forming fields due to rupture of the dorsal mesocardium while their expression becomes confined to the arterial and venous poles of the heart tube. This expression pattern is maintained until HH stage 14. This expression pattern suggests that hLAMP-1 may be involved in the formation of the endocardial tube.

Background: Pterygium is one of the most commonly occurring eye diseases. It is widely regarded as a degenerative condition. Pterygium shares some similarities with tumors, as active cell proliferation.. P63, a member of the p53 gene family is a transcription factor that is crucial for the development and maintenance of stem cells in stratified epithelia. It is present in the limbus and sustains the proliferative potential of limbal stem cells. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of p63 expression in cases of pterygia, and to correlate this pattern with their clinicopathological parameters. Materials and methods: p63 immunostaining was studied in 52 specimens of nasal pterygia using avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Results: p63 was expressed in 61.5% of cases with variation in its expression, strong 25%, moderate 21.1%, and mild in 15.4% of cases. There was significant increase in p63 expression in recurrent pterygia than in primary (p0.03). Conclusion: Pterygium is a disease of limbal stem cells as reinforces of P63 gene in the pathogenesis of pterygium could explain the triangular shape of pterygium and the high amount of recurrence.

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Objective: The primary objective o{ this study was to ds.ress the ffict of eptlepsy and satne of its relatedfaetors on langusge development in a group of children aged j to I years. Design: A group of i0 epileptic chil&en re*uited from pedia*ic neurologt unit with mean age 5 yetrs, 2 months participated in the stuSt. The newologic examination was normal in all ehil&en with no evidence af impairment otmotor andfwrctional coordination. All childrenwere of intact sensory acutty inctudingvisual and auditory pathway. Alt ehildren had IQ equal or above 80. The children were subjected tostadardized Arabic language testf* measurement of total language age, receptive, expressive and semantie scares.Childrenwere divided into groups occordingto the age af onset of epilepsy, tltpe offix and thc drug regimen. Comparison between groqps wcts done. Results: The proportion of delayed cases was higher in epileptic children tlwn that in rwrrnal population. The mast aSected langaage profiles were receptive and expressive language. There was no significant difference betweenthe groups of dffirent qges of anset of epilepsy, and the groups with dffirent types of fits on language acquisition. The group treated by multtple anti-epileptic drugs showed paorer performance in all items of language test than the gaoup treated by one drug. However tlwse dffirences only reach to a borderline significance in total language age and expressive language. Concluslons: Epilepttc activity in the brain can affect language developrnent in children. So, in children with epilepsy, a thorough speech and language assessme:nt should be pedormed in order to enstre that the right care and tTeatment is given.

Objective: The primary objective o{ this study was to ds.ress the ffict of eptlepsy and satne of its relatedfaetors on langusge development in a group of children aged j to I years. Design: A group of i0 epileptic chil&en re*uited from pedia*ic neurologt unit with mean age 5 yetrs, 2 months participated in the stuSt. The newologic examination was normal in all ehil&en with no evidence af impairment otmotor andfwrctional coordination. All childrenwere of intact sensory acutty inctudingvisual and auditory pathway. Alt ehildren had IQ equal or above 80. The children were subjected tostadardized Arabic language testf* measurement of total language age, receptive, expressive and semantie scares.Childrenwere divided into groups occordingto the age af onset of epilepsy, tltpe offix and thc drug regimen. Comparison between groqps wcts done. Results: The proportion of delayed cases was higher in epileptic children tlwn that in rwrrnal population. The mast aSected langaage profiles were receptive and expressive language. There was no significant difference betweenthe groups of dffirent qges of anset of epilepsy, and the groups with dffirent types of fits on language acquisition. The group treated by multtple anti-epileptic drugs showed paorer performance in all items of language test than the gaoup treated by one drug. However tlwse dffirences only reach to a borderline significance in total language age and expressive language. Concluslons: Epilepttc activity in the brain can affect language developrnent in children. So, in children with epilepsy, a thorough speech and language assessme:nt should be pedormed in order to enstre that the right care and tTeatment is given.

Objective: The primary objective o{ this study was to ds.ress the ffict of eptlepsy and satne of its relatedfaetors on langusge development in a group of children aged j to I years. Design: A group of i0 epileptic chil&en re*uited from pedia*ic neurologt unit with mean age 5 yetrs, 2 months participated in the stuSt. The newologic examination was normal in all ehil&en with no evidence af impairment otmotor andfwrctional coordination. All childrenwere of intact sensory acutty inctudingvisual and auditory pathway. Alt ehildren had IQ equal or above 80. The children were subjected tostadardized Arabic language testf* measurement of total language age, receptive, expressive and semantie scares.Childrenwere divided into groups occordingto the age af onset of epilepsy, tltpe offix and thc drug regimen. Comparison between groqps wcts done. Results: The proportion of delayed cases was higher in epileptic children tlwn that in rwrrnal population. The mast aSected langaage profiles were receptive and expressive language. There was no significant difference betweenthe groups of dffirent qges of anset of epilepsy, and the groups with dffirent types of fits on language acquisition. The group treated by multtple anti-epileptic drugs showed paorer performance in all items of language test than the gaoup treated by one drug. However tlwse dffirences only reach to a borderline significance in total language age and expressive language. Concluslons: Epilepttc activity in the brain can affect language developrnent in children. So, in children with epilepsy, a thorough speech and language assessme:nt should be pedormed in order to enstre that the right care and tTeatment is given.

Objective: The primary objective o{ this study was to ds.ress the ffict of eptlepsy and satne of its relatedfaetors on langusge development in a group of children aged j to I years. Design: A group of i0 epileptic chil&en re*uited from pedia*ic neurologt unit with mean age 5 yetrs, 2 months participated in the stuSt. The newologic examination was normal in all ehil&en with no evidence af impairment otmotor andfwrctional coordination. All childrenwere of intact sensory acutty inctudingvisual and auditory pathway. Alt ehildren had IQ equal or above 80. The children were subjected tostadardized Arabic language testf* measurement of total language age, receptive, expressive and semantie scares.Childrenwere divided into groups occordingto the age af onset of epilepsy, tltpe offix and thc drug regimen. Comparison between groqps wcts done. Results: The proportion of delayed cases was higher in epileptic children tlwn that in rwrrnal population. The mast aSected langaage profiles were receptive and expressive language. There was no significant difference betweenthe groups of dffirent qges of anset of epilepsy, and the groups with dffirent types of fits on language acquisition. The group treated by multtple anti-epileptic drugs showed paorer performance in all items of language test than the gaoup treated by one drug. However tlwse dffirences only reach to a borderline significance in total language age and expressive language. Concluslons: Epilepttc activity in the brain can affect language developrnent in children. So, in children with epilepsy, a thorough speech and language assessme:nt should be pedormed in order to enstre that the right care and tTeatment is given.