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A total of 81 patients undergoing upper endoscopy at Assiut University Hospitals were enrolled in this study. Three biopsies were taken and tested for H. pylori infection by Campylobacter like organism (CLO) test, culture and histopathology, in which H. pylori was detected in 56.7%, 72.8% and 83.8%, respectively. A patient was considered as H. pylori positive on the basis of a positive culture considering it as gold standard and this should be confirmed at least by either histopathological finding and/or CLO-test. Cytotoxic associated gene-type A (CagA) and vacuolated associated gene-A (VacA) were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the 59 positive clinical isolates, cagA was found in 23 (39%) & vacA was found in all cases (100%), S2 & m2 were predominant (55.9% & 64.4%), respectively, followed by S1 & m1 (44.1% & 35.6%), respectively. CagA was found to be associated with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) mainly duodenal ulcer (DU) as well as gastric ulcer (GU) and gastric cancer (GC). VacA S1m1 was associated with PUD both DU & GU, while S2m2 was associated with non-ulcer diseases (NUD) mainly pangastritis. Antimicrobial sensitivity test of the 59 H. pylori isolates was done against the five most commonly used antibiotics. The most resistance was to metronidazole (91.5%), followed by amoxicillin (71.2%), tetracycline (35.6%), clarithromycin (18.6%) and the least resistance was to ciprofloxacin (8.5%). The aim of the present study was to detect the putative virulence factors cagA & vacA genes of clinical isolated H. pylori and correlated with the gastroduodenal diseases that determined clinically as well as to determine the resistance rate in H. pylori to commonly used antibiotics using disk diffusion method.

A total of 81 patients undergoing upper endoscopy at Assiut University Hospitals were enrolled in this study. Three biopsies were taken and tested for H. pylori infection by Campylobacter like organism (CLO) test, culture and histopathology, in which H. pylori was detected in 56.7%, 72.8% and 83.8%, respectively. A patient was considered as H. pylori positive on the basis of a positive culture considering it as gold standard and this should be confirmed at least by either histopathological finding and/or CLO-test. Cytotoxic associated gene-type A (CagA) and vacuolated associated gene-A (VacA) were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the 59 positive clinical isolates, cagA was found in 23 (39%) & vacA was found in all cases (100%), S2 & m2 were predominant (55.9% & 64.4%), respectively, followed by S1 & m1 (44.1% & 35.6%), respectively. CagA was found to be associated with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) mainly duodenal ulcer (DU) as well as gastric ulcer (GU) and gastric cancer (GC). VacA S1m1 was associated with PUD both DU & GU, while S2m2 was associated with non-ulcer diseases (NUD) mainly pangastritis. Antimicrobial sensitivity test of the 59 H. pylori isolates was done against the five most commonly used antibiotics. The most resistance was to metronidazole (91.5%), followed by amoxicillin (71.2%), tetracycline (35.6%), clarithromycin (18.6%) and the least resistance was to ciprofloxacin (8.5%). The aim of the present study was to detect the putative virulence factors cagA & vacA genes of clinical isolated H. pylori and correlated with the gastroduodenal diseases that determined clinically as well as to determine the resistance rate in H. pylori to commonly used antibiotics using disk diffusion method.

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Background End-stage renal disease and loin pain are prevalent nephrourological topics with unfavorable reputations among populations. We aimed to present our center’s experience with the cases of phobia of renal failure in relation to loin pain. Methods It is a retrospective study of phobia of renal failure among the patients who presented with loin pain to our center between July 1991 and June 2017. Description of perception of renal failure risk was guided by the modified Common Sense Model of Illness Representation. Results Of more than 64, 000 patients who presented with loin pain, only 78 patients (0.12%) had phobia of renal failure. Mean age ± SD (Range) was 41.12 ± 9.58 (23–60) years. Sixty-four patients (82.1%) expressed directly fear of renal failure. Physical examination and investigations revealed no risks of renal failure in all patients. High percentages of phobia of renal failure were associated with the female gender (73.1%), the presence of a relative patient with renal failure (83.3%), and low socioeconomic levels: education (89.7%), residential (75.6%), and economic status (88.5%) levels. The modified Common Sense Model of Illness Representation revealed predominant emotional representations and unreal cognitive domains with altered perception of renal failure risk. Conclusions Phobia of renal failure is very rare. It is a consequence of the altered perception of risk of renal failure due to unconscious attribution of loin pain to renal failure. Female gender, the presence of a relative with renal failure, and low socioeconomic levels could be suggested as risk factors for phobia of renal failure.