A 35 years old man present with a skin lesion on his glans complaining of mild irritation. The condition began 3 years ago, he took wrong medication as he was diagnosed as psoriasis, mostly because the disease in it the beginning is very similar and could trick the dermatologist. He was diagnosed by the biopsy taken,Pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperkeratotic and micaceous balanitis. 5-Flouracil was given in combination with oral Acitretin, Dramatic improvement occurred in both the skin lesion and the symptoms associated.

Background: Amantadine sulfate is both a dopamine agonist and N-methyle-D-Aspartate (NMDA) antagonist which can augment the levels of dopamine in the striate body by triggering dopamine release and inhibiting dopamine reuptake. This study evaluated the effects of amantadine sulfate as a dopamine agonist on intraoperative wake up test duration and as a NMDA antagonist on cumulative opioid consumption 48h after surgery.

Methods: A randomized controlled double blind study, where 60 ASA class I and/or II patients of both sexes, planned for spine deformity corrective surgery were enrolled and divided into two groups (30 patients each):  Group A received intravenous (IV) amantadine sulfate infusion (200 mg), and Group B received Ringer’s lactate IV infusion.

Results: Forty-eight hours after surgery, morphine consumption in group A was significantly lower than that in Group B (21.24 ±1.1 vs. 30.41±2.12 P <0.001). Dynamic visual analog scale score was lower group A than that in group B (0.8±0.71 vs. 2.7±0.84 P <0.001). Moreover, anesthetic consumption in group A was lower than that in group B; however, no statistical difference in wake-up test duration or recovery time from anesthesia was found between both groups.

Conclusions: Preoperative administration of amantadine sulfate decreases postoperative morphine consumption and dynamic VAS score in patients undergoing corrective spine surgery. However, despite being a dopamine agonist, amantadine has no effect on wake- up test duration.

Keywords:  amantadine sulfate, dopaminergic pathway, dopamine induced arousal, opioid consumption, wake up test. 

Background: Nicotine, the main ingredient in tobacco smoke, has always been linked to degenerative
changes to the nervous system and several areas in the brain were reported to be injured due to nicotine.
The effect of nicotine on the auditory system is only being recognized recently with few studies assessed the
morphology. The effect of nicotine on the primary auditory cortex of young adolescent animals was
addressed in this study. Materials & Methods: Twenty young male guinea pigs of two months old were
divided into two groups of 10 animals each. Group I, the control group, received daily subcutaneous
injections of normal saline for one month. Group II, the nicotine-treated group, received 3 mg/Kg body
weight of nicotine subcutaneously daily. After animal sacrifice, brains were removed and processed for light
and electron microscopic evaluations. Morphometry was also done to light microscopic histological sections.
Results: In the nicotine-treated group, there were degenerative changes affecting the neurons, glia as well
as blood capillaries. There was a darkening of neurons and disruption of their dendrites and organelles. The
glial cells revealed reactivity, swelling, and cytoplasmic disruption. Blood capillaries showed collapse and
thickening of their basement membrane. Morphometry revealed a decrease in the thickness of auditory
cortex as well as an increase in the number of dark neurons in the treated group versus the control.
Conclusion: Nicotine administration to adolescent male guinea pigs resulted in degenerative changes
affecting the auditory cortex of the brain, which emphasizes the hazardous effects of cigarette smoking,
especially at a young age.

Introduction: Visual and hearing impairment compromise the basic modes of communication leading to social isolation and impaired cognitive and general functions. Inconsistent results regarding the co-existence of eye and ear pathologies have been found .
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess audio-vestibular functions in patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG( .
Patients and Methods: Fifty patients with OAG and 20 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Pure tone audiometry, immitencemetry, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAEs), auditory brainstem response (ABR), and electronystagmography (ENG) were done and compared between the two groups.
Results: Compared to the control group, patients with OAG had significantly elevated pure tone audiometric thresholds at all audiometric frequencies (P between 0.003 to 0.001), sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) in 86% of the patients, lower amplitude of the DPOAEs at all tested frequencies, prolonged waves I, III and V in ABR and abnormal caloric test in 22% of the patients.
Conclusions: The present study confirmed the association between SNHL and OAG. The results of PTA, DPOAEs and caloric tests suggesting that the cochlea is most probably the main site of pathology in patients with OAG.
Key words: Open angle glaucoma, Sensory neural hearing loss.

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic medical disease and is associated
with comorbid adverse somatic conditions due to
epilepsy itself or its long-term treatment. Objectives: This
study evaluated cochlear function in patients with idiopathic
epilepsy and treated with carbamazepine (CBZ). Patients
and Methods: Included were 47 patients (mean age = 34.56
± 7.11 years and duration of illness = 17.84 ± 7.21 years) and
40 healthy subjects. They underwent pure-tone audiometry
and transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) analyses.
Results: Hearing loss (mainly bilateral mild) was reported
in one third of patients. Compared to controls, patients
had lower TEOAE amplitudes at 1.0–4.0 kHz particularly at
high frequencies (3 and 4 kHz). Significant correlations were
identified between TEOAE amplitudes with CBZ dose (at
3 kHz: r = –0.554, p = 0.008; at 4 kHz: r = –0.347, p = 0.01), its
serum level (at 4 kHz: r = –0.280, p = 0.045) and duration of
treatment (at 3 kHz: r = –0.392, p = 0.008; at 4 kHz: r = –0.542,
p = 0.001). Conclusions: Long-term CBZ treatment may result
in cochlear dysfunction and auditory deficits.

Purpose of the study: Epilepsy is a chronic medical disease in one third of patients. Chronic
epilepsy and its antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) therapy are commonly associated with comorbid
adverse somatic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate auditory function in patients with idiopathic
epilepsy and on treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ).
Methods: This is a cross-sectional case-control study. It included 50 patients with idiopathic epilepsy
(mean age ¼ 34.56 ± 7.11 and duration of illness ¼ 17.84 ± 7.21years) and 40 healthy subjects.
Hearing was evaluated using pure tone audiometry and brainstem auditory evoked
potentials (BAEPs) analyses.
Results: Mild bilateral hearing impairment and abnormal acoustic reflex (but normal tympanometry)
were reported in more than one third of patients. Compared to controls, BAEPs of patients
had prolonged waves I, III, V latencies and I–III, III–V and I–V interpeak latencies (IPLs) particularly
at high repetition frequencies. Significant correlations were identified between CBZ dose, serum
level and duration of treatment with waves I, III and V and I–III, III–V and I–V latencies at high
repetition frequencies.
Conclusions: Long-term treatment with CBZ may result in delayed auditory conduction within
the peripheral pathways and brainstem. This should be taken into account during drug selection
and monitoring of patients with epilepsy.
Abbreviations: GTC: generalized tonic clonic; TLE: temporal lobe epilepsy; PTA: pure tone audiometry;
BAEPs: brainstem auditory evoked potentials; IPL: interpeak latency

Introduction: Eustachian tube is often involved in the pathological processes of the nasal, paranasal, and nasopharynx cavities; therefore, nasal obstruction can alter Eustachian tube function (ETF). The pathogenesis of otitis media has been related to the presence of previous or concurrent nasal diseases .

 

The noise given off by the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) device during treatment
may put hearing and vestibular system at risk. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the
effect of the noise generated by the ESWL device on hearing and vestibular systems of patients
receiving such a method of management.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our world in a short period of time, and the orthopedic surgery practice was not an exclusion. Elective care was deferred in most health care facilities and emergency care was continued with strict precautions. With rapid progression of the pandemic, the response of the medical community is also rapidly changing in all aspects of delivering care. This led to a large number of publications with reports, guidelines, measures, ways to react to the crisis, and post-pandemic predictions and speculations. In this review we aimed at summarizing all the relevant information to the orthopedic surgery community. To do this, a comprehensive search was performed with all related terms on two scientific search engines, PubMed and SCOPUS, and the results were filtered by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The result was 72 articles …