Background Testicular ectopia is defined as a testis which is located away from the normal pathway of testicular descent and outside its ipsilateral hemiscrotum. Controversies have been raised about considering the abdominal and inguinal ectopic testes as undescended ones. Our purpose was to review our center’s experience with the diagnosis and management of testicular ectopia focusing on the inguinal ectopic testis. Retrospectively, we studied the clinical and surgical characteristics of a case series of testicular ectopia which was managed in our center during July 2001–June 2016. Results Out of 1132 patients with undescended testes, 44 cases (3.9%) had testicular ectopia. Twenty-three cases (mean age = 5.15 ± 5.79 years) fulfilled the criteria of inguinal ectopic testis. Clinically, testes were relatively mobile and superficial. Surgically, they were located in the superficial inguinal pouch, had relatively long spermatic cords, and commonly had average rather than small sizes. The other ectopic 21 cases (mean age = 10.56 ± 6.92 years) were perineal, anterior abdominal wall, femoral, prepubic, and transverse testes in 7 (33.3%), 4 (19%), 4 (19%), 3 (14.3%), and 3 (14.3%) cases, respectively. Congenital inguinal hernia was the commonest associated anomaly (22.7%). All cases were treated surgically with only 1 case of testicular atrophy (2.3%). Conclusions Testicular ectopia is rare with relatively delayed presentations. Different anatomical sites have been reported including the superficial inguinal pouch and anterior abdominal wall with variable complexities and controversies. The inguinal ectopic testis is the most controversial, but it might be characterized from other entities based on certain clinical and surgical criteria.

Background Testicular ectopia is defined as a testis which is located away from the normal pathway of testicular descent and outside its ipsilateral hemiscrotum. Controversies have been raised about considering the abdominal and inguinal ectopic testes as undescended ones. Our purpose was to review our center’s experience with the diagnosis and management of testicular ectopia focusing on the inguinal ectopic testis. Retrospectively, we studied the clinical and surgical characteristics of a case series of testicular ectopia which was managed in our center during July 2001–June 2016. Results Out of 1132 patients with undescended testes, 44 cases (3.9%) had testicular ectopia. Twenty-three cases (mean age = 5.15 ± 5.79 years) fulfilled the criteria of inguinal ectopic testis. Clinically, testes were relatively mobile and superficial. Surgically, they were located in the superficial inguinal pouch, had relatively long spermatic cords, and commonly had average rather than small sizes. The other ectopic 21 cases (mean age = 10.56 ± 6.92 years) were perineal, anterior abdominal wall, femoral, prepubic, and transverse testes in 7 (33.3%), 4 (19%), 4 (19%), 3 (14.3%), and 3 (14.3%) cases, respectively. Congenital inguinal hernia was the commonest associated anomaly (22.7%). All cases were treated surgically with only 1 case of testicular atrophy (2.3%). Conclusions Testicular ectopia is rare with relatively delayed presentations. Different anatomical sites have been reported including the superficial inguinal pouch and anterior abdominal wall with variable complexities and controversies. The inguinal ectopic testis is the most controversial, but it might be characterized from other entities based on certain clinical and surgical criteria.

Background Testicular ectopia is defined as a testis which is located away from the normal pathway of testicular descent and outside its ipsilateral hemiscrotum. Controversies have been raised about considering the abdominal and inguinal ectopic testes as undescended ones. Our purpose was to review our center’s experience with the diagnosis and management of testicular ectopia focusing on the inguinal ectopic testis. Retrospectively, we studied the clinical and surgical characteristics of a case series of testicular ectopia which was managed in our center during July 2001–June 2016. Results Out of 1132 patients with undescended testes, 44 cases (3.9%) had testicular ectopia. Twenty-three cases (mean age = 5.15 ± 5.79 years) fulfilled the criteria of inguinal ectopic testis. Clinically, testes were relatively mobile and superficial. Surgically, they were located in the superficial inguinal pouch, had relatively long spermatic cords, and commonly had average rather than small sizes. The other ectopic 21 cases (mean age = 10.56 ± 6.92 years) were perineal, anterior abdominal wall, femoral, prepubic, and transverse testes in 7 (33.3%), 4 (19%), 4 (19%), 3 (14.3%), and 3 (14.3%) cases, respectively. Congenital inguinal hernia was the commonest associated anomaly (22.7%). All cases were treated surgically with only 1 case of testicular atrophy (2.3%). Conclusions Testicular ectopia is rare with relatively delayed presentations. Different anatomical sites have been reported including the superficial inguinal pouch and anterior abdominal wall with variable complexities and controversies. The inguinal ectopic testis is the most controversial, but it might be characterized from other entities based on certain clinical and surgical criteria.

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Background: Providing the patient with sufficient knowledge about his illness improves the outcomes when delivered properly. Aims: To assess the knowledge and attitude of low-literacy patients undergoing suprapubic catheter insertion. Methods: Study design: Descriptive research design was utilized. Setting: Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Assiut University. Subjects: Eighty patients undergoing suprapubic catheter were selected consecutively within a 12-month period (with maximally primary school educations). Tools: Patient interview questionnaire included 4 parts; parts 1 and 2 to assess demographic and medical data, parts 3 and 4 to assess patients' level of knowledge and attitude. Results: All patients were males with 47.5% of them aged from 50-65 years old. They had poor knowledge about the indications (0%), definition (0%), function (6.3%), procedures of insertion (2.5%) and change (22.5%), receipt of education at the primary care settings (47.5%), ability of self-healthcare (40%), previous experiences (10%) postoperative symptoms (0%) and complications among the studied patients (17.5%) including urine leakage (8.7%) and obstruction (17.5%) of the suprapubic catheter. While most of the patients (95%) reported insufficient healthcare education at the primary settings, all the studied patients wished to have a suitable method for education. There was no statistically significant relation between total knowledge levels and the demographic data. Conclusions: Most of the patients had poor knowledge about the suprapubic catheter and favorable attitudes towards suitable education. Recommendations: Designing a simple method to provide healthcare education for low-literacy patients undergoing suprapubic catheter.

Background: Providing the patient with sufficient knowledge about his illness improves the outcomes when delivered properly. Aims: To assess the knowledge and attitude of low-literacy patients undergoing suprapubic catheter insertion. Methods: Study design: Descriptive research design was utilized. Setting: Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Assiut University. Subjects: Eighty patients undergoing suprapubic catheter were selected consecutively within a 12-month period (with maximally primary school educations). Tools: Patient interview questionnaire included 4 parts; parts 1 and 2 to assess demographic and medical data, parts 3 and 4 to assess patients' level of knowledge and attitude. Results: All patients were males with 47.5% of them aged from 50-65 years old. They had poor knowledge about the indications (0%), definition (0%), function (6.3%), procedures of insertion (2.5%) and change (22.5%), receipt of education at the primary care settings (47.5%), ability of self-healthcare (40%), previous experiences (10%) postoperative symptoms (0%) and complications among the studied patients (17.5%) including urine leakage (8.7%) and obstruction (17.5%) of the suprapubic catheter. While most of the patients (95%) reported insufficient healthcare education at the primary settings, all the studied patients wished to have a suitable method for education. There was no statistically significant relation between total knowledge levels and the demographic data. Conclusions: Most of the patients had poor knowledge about the suprapubic catheter and favorable attitudes towards suitable education. Recommendations: Designing a simple method to provide healthcare education for low-literacy patients undergoing suprapubic catheter.

Background: Providing the patient with sufficient knowledge about his illness improves the outcomes when delivered properly. Aims: To assess the knowledge and attitude of low-literacy patients undergoing suprapubic catheter insertion. Methods: Study design: Descriptive research design was utilized. Setting: Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Assiut University. Subjects: Eighty patients undergoing suprapubic catheter were selected consecutively within a 12-month period (with maximally primary school educations). Tools: Patient interview questionnaire included 4 parts; parts 1 and 2 to assess demographic and medical data, parts 3 and 4 to assess patients' level of knowledge and attitude. Results: All patients were males with 47.5% of them aged from 50-65 years old. They had poor knowledge about the indications (0%), definition (0%), function (6.3%), procedures of insertion (2.5%) and change (22.5%), receipt of education at the primary care settings (47.5%), ability of self-healthcare (40%), previous experiences (10%) postoperative symptoms (0%) and complications among the studied patients (17.5%) including urine leakage (8.7%) and obstruction (17.5%) of the suprapubic catheter. While most of the patients (95%) reported insufficient healthcare education at the primary settings, all the studied patients wished to have a suitable method for education. There was no statistically significant relation between total knowledge levels and the demographic data. Conclusions: Most of the patients had poor knowledge about the suprapubic catheter and favorable attitudes towards suitable education. Recommendations: Designing a simple method to provide healthcare education for low-literacy patients undergoing suprapubic catheter.