Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition that manifests as cartilage deterioration and subchondral bone sclerosis in the joint tissues. The weight-bearing joint is most severely impacted by OA. According to some research, consuming foods high in copper albumin complex (cu-albumin complex) can help with OA-related joint degeneration and pain relief. The current study's objective to determine how oral administration of the cu-albumin complex as an anti-inflammatory medication affected the development of rat knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Fifty adult albino rats were divided into three groups: negative control untreated (n= 10, no KOA induction); positive untreated control (n= 20, KOA induction); and treated group (n= 20, KOA induction with administration of cu-albumin complex). According to the severity of the clinical symptoms, treated and untreated arthritic groups were equally divided into mild and severe groups (n=10). Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was used as intra-articular injection for osteoarthritis induction. Rats were euthanized after a month of the beginning of the experiment, and the joints were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. It was indicated that the treatment was effective in reducing KOA severity and in improvement of chondroitin sulfate of the affected cartilages. In conclusion, the structure of the chondroitin sulphate in the knee joint cartilages of KOA-affected rats was modified by the cu-albumin complex

Skin is the largest mechanical barrier against invading pathogens. Following skin injury, the healing process immediately starts to regenerate the damaged tissues and to avoid complications that usually include colonization by pathogenic bacteria, leading to fever and sepsis, which further impairs and complicates the healing process. So, there is an urgent need to develop a novel pharmaceutical material that promotes the healing of infected wounds. The present work aimed to prepare and evaluate the efficacy of novel azithromycin-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles (AZM-ZnONPs) in the treatment of infected wounds. The Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology were used to evaluate loading efficiency and release characteristics of the prepared NPs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the formulations was determined against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Moreover, the anti-bacterial and wound-healing activities of the AZM-loaded ZnONPs impregnated into hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) gel were evaluated in an excisional wound model in rats. The prepared ZnONPs were loaded with AZM by adsorption. The prepared ZnONPs were fully characterized by XRD, EDAX, SEM, TEM, and FT-IR analysis. Particle size distribution for the prepared ZnO and AZM-ZnONPs were determined and found to be 34 and 39 nm, respectively. The mechanism by which AZM adsorbed on the surface of ZnONPs was the best fit by the Freundlich model with a maximum load capacity of 160.4 mg/g. Anti-microbial studies showed that AZM-ZnONPs were more effective than other controls. Using an experimental infection model in rats, AZM-ZnONPs impregnated into HPMC gel enhanced bacterial clearance and epidermal regeneration, and stimulated tissue formation. In conclusion, AZM -loaded ZnONPs are a promising platform for effective and rapid healing of infected wounds.