Insect can be used as alternative specimens for toxicological analysis when conventional post-mortem samples are not available as drugs that can be detected in severely decomposed tissues of a corpse may still be found in the insects that did feed on the corpse. Several studies illustrate the great potential importance of entomotoxicology for providing additional information on cause of death. This study was aimed to study the effect of intoxication with codeine phosphate in decomposed bodies on the development of carrion flies and on the evaluation of postmortem interval (PMI). The experiment was performed during summer season from last of June to the mid of July. Four rabbits, two control and two injected with lethal dose of codeine phosphate were used. Each one was placed in a cardboard box, floored with muddy soil and protected with a metal cage. Different developmental stages of Chrysomya albiceps were collected and studied for both biological and morphological changes using dissecting light microscopy. There were morphological changes in the form of disfiguring of segments, loss of colouration and abnormalities in the shape of both anterior and posterior spiracles in the larvae, while the adult flies show rudimentary wings, abnormal bands on the undersurface of the abdomen, fading of normal colour to complete loss of it. Also there were biological changes in the form of acceleration in the development during life cycle and incomplete emerge of some adult flies from their pupae in the injected group. These acceleration of development lead to bias in estimation of postmortem interval up to 24h when estimation based on larval development and 48h when estimation based on pupal development. This work should provide data for the use of morphological and biological changes that occur in Chysomya albiceps as indicator for death from lethal dose of codeine phosphate and to estimate the post mortem interval.

Insect can be used as alternative specimens for toxicological analysis when conventional post-mortem samples are not available as drugs that can be detected in severely decomposed tissues of a corpse may still be found in the insects that did feed on the corpse. Several studies illustrate the great potential importance of entomotoxicology for providing additional information on cause of death. This study was aimed to study the effect of intoxication with codeine phosphate in decomposed bodies on the development of carrion flies and on the evaluation of postmortem interval (PMI). The experiment was performed during summer season from last of June to the mid of July. Four rabbits, two control and two injected with lethal dose of codeine phosphate were used. Each one was placed in a cardboard box, floored with muddy soil and protected with a metal cage. Different developmental stages of Chrysomya albiceps were collected and studied for both biological and morphological changes using dissecting light microscopy. There were morphological changes in the form of disfiguring of segments, loss of colouration and abnormalities in the shape of both anterior and posterior spiracles in the larvae, while the adult flies show rudimentary wings, abnormal bands on the undersurface of the abdomen, fading of normal colour to complete loss of it. Also there were biological changes in the form of acceleration in the development during life cycle and incomplete emerge of some adult flies from their pupae in the injected group. These acceleration of development lead to bias in estimation of postmortem interval up to 24h when estimation based on larval development and 48h when estimation based on pupal development. This work should provide data for the use of morphological and biological changes that occur in Chysomya albiceps as indicator for death from lethal dose of codeine phosphate and to estimate the post mortem interval.

Insect can be used as alternative specimens for toxicological analysis when conventional post-mortem samples are not available as drugs that can be detected in severely decomposed tissues of a corpse may still be found in the insects that did feed on the corpse. Several studies illustrate the great potential importance of entomotoxicology for providing additional information on cause of death. This study was aimed to study the effect of intoxication with codeine phosphate in decomposed bodies on the development of carrion flies and on the evaluation of postmortem interval (PMI). The experiment was performed during summer season from last of June to the mid of July. Four rabbits, two control and two injected with lethal dose of codeine phosphate were used. Each one was placed in a cardboard box, floored with muddy soil and protected with a metal cage. Different developmental stages of Chrysomya albiceps were collected and studied for both biological and morphological changes using dissecting light microscopy. There were morphological changes in the form of disfiguring of segments, loss of colouration and abnormalities in the shape of both anterior and posterior spiracles in the larvae, while the adult flies show rudimentary wings, abnormal bands on the undersurface of the abdomen, fading of normal colour to complete loss of it. Also there were biological changes in the form of acceleration in the development during life cycle and incomplete emerge of some adult flies from their pupae in the injected group. These acceleration of development lead to bias in estimation of postmortem interval up to 24h when estimation based on larval development and 48h when estimation based on pupal development. This work should provide data for the use of morphological and biological changes that occur in Chysomya albiceps as indicator for death from lethal dose of codeine phosphate and to estimate the post mortem interval.

Human dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic infection manifested by inflammatory nodules wherever they are located and are occasionally confused with tumors. Therefore, come-up the role of the immunological diagnosis as a non-invasive procedure. Dirofilaria repens Excretory – Secretory (DrES) antigen, D. repens infected patient urine (DrU) antigen recovered from human cases and Setaria equina E-S antigen (SeES) from donkeys were fractionated using SDS-PAGE .Western blot analysis of these proteins against serum of the infected patient revealed several protein bands most of them were antigenic. They were collectively ranging between 100 kDa to 30 kDa. Most of the antigenic bands were shared except at 30kDa and 46kDa, which were exclusive for the (DrES). The present study was conducted to detect the antigenic pattern of the D. repens and S. equina antigens. In view of S. equina antigen diagnostic potential, most of (SeES) antigenic proteins was identified by the serum of D. repens infected patients and were also found to be excreted in the patient urine. S. equina worm antigens could be used as heterologous antigen in immunodiagnosis of human dirofilariasis.

Human dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic infection manifested by inflammatory nodules wherever they are located and are occasionally confused with tumors. Therefore, come-up the role of the immunological diagnosis as a non-invasive procedure. Dirofilaria repens Excretory – Secretory (DrES) antigen, D. repens infected patient urine (DrU) antigen recovered from human cases and Setaria equina E-S antigen (SeES) from donkeys were fractionated using SDS-PAGE .Western blot analysis of these proteins against serum of the infected patient revealed several protein bands most of them were antigenic. They were collectively ranging between 100 kDa to 30 kDa. Most of the antigenic bands were shared except at 30kDa and 46kDa, which were exclusive for the (DrES). The present study was conducted to detect the antigenic pattern of the D. repens and S. equina antigens. In view of S. equina antigen diagnostic potential, most of (SeES) antigenic proteins was identified by the serum of D. repens infected patients and were also found to be excreted in the patient urine. S. equina worm antigens could be used as heterologous antigen in immunodiagnosis of human dirofilariasis.

Human dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic infection manifested by inflammatory nodules wherever they are located and are occasionally confused with tumors. Therefore, come-up the role of the immunological diagnosis as a non-invasive procedure. Dirofilaria repens Excretory – Secretory (DrES) antigen, D. repens infected patient urine (DrU) antigen recovered from human cases and Setaria equina E-S antigen (SeES) from donkeys were fractionated using SDS-PAGE .Western blot analysis of these proteins against serum of the infected patient revealed several protein bands most of them were antigenic. They were collectively ranging between 100 kDa to 30 kDa. Most of the antigenic bands were shared except at 30kDa and 46kDa, which were exclusive for the (DrES). The present study was conducted to detect the antigenic pattern of the D. repens and S. equina antigens. In view of S. equina antigen diagnostic potential, most of (SeES) antigenic proteins was identified by the serum of D. repens infected patients and were also found to be excreted in the patient urine. S. equina worm antigens could be used as heterologous antigen in immunodiagnosis of human dirofilariasis.

Human dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic infection manifested by inflammatory nodules wherever they are located and are occasionally confused with tumors. Therefore, come-up the role of the immunological diagnosis as a non-invasive procedure. Dirofilaria repens Excretory – Secretory (DrES) antigen, D. repens infected patient urine (DrU) antigen recovered from human cases and Setaria equina E-S antigen (SeES) from donkeys were fractionated using SDS-PAGE .Western blot analysis of these proteins against serum of the infected patient revealed several protein bands most of them were antigenic. They were collectively ranging between 100 kDa to 30 kDa. Most of the antigenic bands were shared except at 30kDa and 46kDa, which were exclusive for the (DrES). The present study was conducted to detect the antigenic pattern of the D. repens and S. equina antigens. In view of S. equina antigen diagnostic potential, most of (SeES) antigenic proteins was identified by the serum of D. repens infected patients and were also found to be excreted in the patient urine. S. equina worm antigens could be used as heterologous antigen in immunodiagnosis of human dirofilariasis.