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The purpose of this study was to determine whether 2 new semen quality (SQ) scores could predict pregnancy in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) for male-factor infertility and whether an overall score could help in counseling these couples with assisted reproductive technique (ART) options. Ninety-three couples with male-factor infertility were examined for semen analysis. Samples were prepared by density gradient separation (47% and 90%), and IUI was performed. On the basis of the 2 semen scores (SQ and relative quality [RQ]), the IUI-semen pregnancy score (IUI-SPS) was calculated. Of the 192 IUI cycles, 14% (27 of 192) resulted in pregnancy. Both prewash SQ and RQ scores were significantly related to pregnancy (P 5 .02 and P , .001), as was the postwash RQ score (P , .001). Of the IUI cycles in which the postwash RQ score was greater than 125, 40% (13 of 32) resulted in pregnancy compared to 9% of cycles (14 of 160) in which the postwash SQ score was less than 125. The prewash IUI-SPS score was significantly related to IUI-induced pregnancy (P , .001). Both the pre- and postwash SQ and RQ scores can predict pregnancy in male infertility patients undergoing IUI. Patients with an IUI-SPS less than 150 may be advised to seek in vitro fertilization (IVF), whereas those with an IUI-SPS greater than 150 may be advised to seek IUI.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 2 new semen quality (SQ) scores could predict pregnancy in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) for male-factor infertility and whether an overall score could help in counseling these couples with assisted reproductive technique (ART) options. Ninety-three couples with male-factor infertility were examined for semen analysis. Samples were prepared by density gradient separation (47% and 90%), and IUI was performed. On the basis of the 2 semen scores (SQ and relative quality [RQ]), the IUI-semen pregnancy score (IUI-SPS) was calculated. Of the 192 IUI cycles, 14% (27 of 192) resulted in pregnancy. Both prewash SQ and RQ scores were significantly related to pregnancy (P 5 .02 and P , .001), as was the postwash RQ score (P , .001). Of the IUI cycles in which the postwash RQ score was greater than 125, 40% (13 of 32) resulted in pregnancy compared to 9% of cycles (14 of 160) in which the postwash SQ score was less than 125. The prewash IUI-SPS score was significantly related to IUI-induced pregnancy (P , .001). Both the pre- and postwash SQ and RQ scores can predict pregnancy in male infertility patients undergoing IUI. Patients with an IUI-SPS less than 150 may be advised to seek in vitro fertilization (IVF), whereas those with an IUI-SPS greater than 150 may be advised to seek IUI.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 2 new semen quality (SQ) scores could predict pregnancy in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) for male-factor infertility and whether an overall score could help in counseling these couples with assisted reproductive technique (ART) options. Ninety-three couples with male-factor infertility were examined for semen analysis. Samples were prepared by density gradient separation (47% and 90%), and IUI was performed. On the basis of the 2 semen scores (SQ and relative quality [RQ]), the IUI-semen pregnancy score (IUI-SPS) was calculated. Of the 192 IUI cycles, 14% (27 of 192) resulted in pregnancy. Both prewash SQ and RQ scores were significantly related to pregnancy (P 5 .02 and P , .001), as was the postwash RQ score (P , .001). Of the IUI cycles in which the postwash RQ score was greater than 125, 40% (13 of 32) resulted in pregnancy compared to 9% of cycles (14 of 160) in which the postwash SQ score was less than 125. The prewash IUI-SPS score was significantly related to IUI-induced pregnancy (P , .001). Both the pre- and postwash SQ and RQ scores can predict pregnancy in male infertility patients undergoing IUI. Patients with an IUI-SPS less than 150 may be advised to seek in vitro fertilization (IVF), whereas those with an IUI-SPS greater than 150 may be advised to seek IUI.

In 1986-87, a qualitative research project was conducted in the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Indonesia, and Thailand to expand understanding of the acceptability of NORPLANT contraceptive implants beyond inferences made on the basis of continuation rates. In each of the four study sites, focus group discussions or in-depth interviews were held with potential acceptors, current NORPLANT users, discontinuers, husbands of women in these three groups, and service providers. Nonclinical participants generally had little formal education and lived primarily in urban or semi-urban areas where NORPLANT has been available for at least five years. The study focused on attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of each group regarding NORPLANT implants. Results suggest that factors having an impact on the acceptability of NORPLANT implants fall into three general categories: medical/technical, cultural/religious, and informational/educational. This article discusses each of these categories, including programmatic implications of the findings, and puts forward recommendations for enhancing NORPLANT introduction efforts on the basis of these findings.

In 1986-87, a qualitative research project was conducted in the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Indonesia, and Thailand to expand understanding of the acceptability of NORPLANT contraceptive implants beyond inferences made on the basis of continuation rates. In each of the four study sites, focus group discussions or in-depth interviews were held with potential acceptors, current NORPLANT users, discontinuers, husbands of women in these three groups, and service providers. Nonclinical participants generally had little formal education and lived primarily in urban or semi-urban areas where NORPLANT has been available for at least five years. The study focused on attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of each group regarding NORPLANT implants. Results suggest that factors having an impact on the acceptability of NORPLANT implants fall into three general categories: medical/technical, cultural/religious, and informational/educational. This article discusses each of these categories, including programmatic implications of the findings, and puts forward recommendations for enhancing NORPLANT introduction efforts on the basis of these findings.