Background: Muscle spindles are spe-cialized sensory receptors in the skele-tal muscle that respond to changes in muscle length and tension. Aim of the work: The aim of the present work is to compare the postnatal developmen-tal changes in the rat muscle spindles of masseter versus gastrocnemius. Ma-terial and Methods: 30 albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into 5 postnatal age groups, six animals in each group: newborn, 3 days, 6 days, 12 days and adults. Mus-cles were processed, and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (Hx&E), and Van Gieson's stains. Morphometric measurements were done and statisti-cally analyzed for the studied groups. Distribution maps of location of spin-dles were drawn. Results: The spindle contains 2 intrafusal fibers at birth. This number is increased with age till reached 4-6 fibers at age of 6 days then does not change up to adult age. Both nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers are seen at all ages except at newborn where nuclear bag fibers are present alone. At birth, a thin incom-plete connective tissue capsule sur-rounds the spindle and is composed of 1-2 layers, located only in equatorial zone of spindles. With advance of age, capsule is increased in thickness, be-comes multilayered and extends to-wards polar regions of the spindles. A narrow capsular space is seen in the equatorial region of the newborn and becomes wider with older ages. Spin-dle morphometric values of masseter are significantly higher than that of gastrocnemius. Spindle maps show single spindles or as units located in deep part of both muscles near their nerve supply. Statistically significant increase with age advance is found in the spindle length, equatorial diameter of spindles, spindle area, and the whole muscle area. Notably, the num-ber of spindles is not changed, and the ratio of spindle area to muscle area decreases with age. Conclusion: There are statistically significant differences between the spindles in masseter mus-cle that is supplied by a cranial nerve and gastrocnemius muscle that is sup-plied by a spinal nerve. These differ-ences may be explained by the diverse functional roles of these muscles and their different embryological origins.

Abstract Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a regulatory enzyme of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. Point mutation in MTHFR and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in many ethnic groups. The aim of this study is to find if MTHFR C677T polymorphism is a risk factor of DN in types 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Patients and methods: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was detected in 100 T2DM patients by PCR-RFLP. They were divided into three groups; 38 patients with normoalbuminuria, 33 patients with microalbuminuria and 29 patients with macroalbuminuria. Serum levels of homocysteine were determined by nephelometry. Results: The presence of MTHFR 677T allele increases the risk of macroalbuminuria 3.3 folds (p=0.009) in T2DM patients. The presence of mutant genotypes CT and TT increase the risk of macroalbuminuria 3 folds (p=0.019). Serum levels of HCY were associated with C677T mutation (p=0.02), also there was significant association between high levels of HCY and DN (p=0.014). Conclusion: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene mutation was associated with increased risk for overt diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients and had effect on serum levels of homocysteine.

ABSTRACT TNF– α directly damages the vascular endothelial cells, reduces regional blood flow, causes occlusion of vessels and increases endothelial permeability. Endothelial cell injury after TNF– α mediated activation of immune system may result in secretion of vasoactive substances and increase in vascular permeability and intravascular coagulation. TNF-α may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and may identify the patients who are at high risk of PE and can be a potential marker of the severity of the preeclamptic syndrome. Preeclamptic women had deranged lipid profile due to abnormal lipid metabolism; this alteration of lipid metabolism may play a key role in the development of symptoms of Pre-eclampsia. Furthermore, changes in lipid metabolism may contribute towards the endothelial lesions observed in pre-eclampsia.

Objectives: Recently, hyperactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway has been implicated in leukomogenesis, so we studied the epigenetic dysfunction of SFRP1,2 and expression of interleukin2 receptor α chain (IL2Rα, also known as CD25) and its prognostic impact in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Methods: We studied the methylation profile of SFRP1,2 in AML cells by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and the hyper expression of IL2Rα (CD25) by flowcytometry. Results: We analyzed the methylation profile of SFRP1,2 in 40 de novo AML patients. The percentage of hypermethylation in the patient samples were 37.5% for SFRP1, 12.5% for SFRP2. CD25 was positive in 12(30%) of 40 patients AML. We found that in patients whom 60 years and younger with intermediate risk cytogenetics in de novo AML, hypermethylation of SFRP1 and CD25 were accompanied with relapse (P=0.024). Conclusion: Our data indicates that in a subgroup of AML patients, hypermethylation of SFRP1 and high expression of CD25 predict relapse.

Objectives: Recently, hyperactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway has been implicated in leukomogenesis, so we studied the epigenetic dysfunction of SFRP1,2 and expression of interleukin2 receptor α chain (IL2Rα, also known as CD25) and its prognostic impact in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Methods: We studied the methylation profile of SFRP1,2 in AML cells by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and the hyper expression of IL2Rα (CD25) by flowcytometry. Results: We analyzed the methylation profile of SFRP1,2 in 40 de novo AML patients. The percentage of hypermethylation in the patient samples were 37.5% for SFRP1, 12.5% for SFRP2. CD25 was positive in 12(30%) of 40 patients AML. We found that in patients whom 60 years and younger with intermediate risk cytogenetics in de novo AML, hypermethylation of SFRP1 and CD25 were accompanied with relapse (P=0.024). Conclusion: Our data indicates that in a subgroup of AML patients, hypermethylation of SFRP1 and high expression of CD25 predict relapse.

Objectives: As we noted that CD30 is a valuable molecule in regulation of growth and death of lymphocytes in malignant lymphomas, we decided to analyze CD30 expression and serum soluble CD30 (sCD30) molecule level in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) to assess their role as a prognostic markers and to examine the possibility of anti-CD30 to be a targeted therapy in these patients. Methods: We studied CD30 expression by Multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis on bone marrow aspirates of 90 ALL patients(51 T-ALL and 39 B-ALL). Serum sCD30 level was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosrbent Assay(ELSA). We correlate CD30 and sCD30 values with all of white blood cell counts, Hemoglobin, platelets, bone marrow blasts and cytogenetics. Results: Our study conducted on 90 ALL patients. The 90 ALL patients included 51 patients with T-ALL and 39 with B-ALL. Of the 51 T-ALL patients, 29 (56.8%) were males and 22 (43.2%) were females. Mean age was 42.4±19.1 years old (10-78 years), and of 39 B-ALL patients, 23(59%) were males and 16 (41%) were females. Mean age was 44.4±18.6 years old (9-70 years). In T-ALL, 33.3% ( 17 out of 51 patients) have high CD30-expression and 27.4℅ (14 out of 51 patients) have elevated serum sCD30.We found that there was a significant correlation between both CD30 expression and sCD30 level with WBCs count, BM blasts, Adverse risk cytogenetics, BCR/ABL and with relapse for CD30 expression, complete remission failure with elevated serum sCD30 level. While in B-ALL, CD30 expression (>20%) was detected in 20.5% ( 8 out of 39 patients) and elevated sCD30 was detected in 15.4℅ (6 out of 39 patients). However, we did not found significant relation between both CD30 expression and sCD30 level and BCR/ABL, relapse and failure of treatment. Conclusions: CD30 is expressed by lymphoblasts in ALL patients. We found that high CD30 expression and elevated sCD30 level can be used as prognostic markers for relapse and complete remission failure respectively in only T-ALL subtype not in B-ALL subtybe. Furthermore, These patients with adverse risk cytogenetics have not too many treatment options, so the use anti-CD30 targeted therapy may be a possible alternative for this patient group.

Objectives: As we noted that CD30 is a valuable molecule in regulation of growth and death of lymphocytes in malignant lymphomas, we decided to analyze CD30 expression and serum soluble CD30 (sCD30) molecule level in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) to assess their role as a prognostic markers and to examine the possibility of anti-CD30 to be a targeted therapy in these patients. Methods: We studied CD30 expression by Multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis on bone marrow aspirates of 90 ALL patients(51 T-ALL and 39 B-ALL). Serum sCD30 level was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosrbent Assay(ELSA). We correlate CD30 and sCD30 values with all of white blood cell counts, Hemoglobin, platelets, bone marrow blasts and cytogenetics. Results: Our study conducted on 90 ALL patients. The 90 ALL patients included 51 patients with T-ALL and 39 with B-ALL. Of the 51 T-ALL patients, 29 (56.8%) were males and 22 (43.2%) were females. Mean age was 42.4±19.1 years old (10-78 years), and of 39 B-ALL patients, 23(59%) were males and 16 (41%) were females. Mean age was 44.4±18.6 years old (9-70 years). In T-ALL, 33.3% ( 17 out of 51 patients) have high CD30-expression and 27.4℅ (14 out of 51 patients) have elevated serum sCD30.We found that there was a significant correlation between both CD30 expression and sCD30 level with WBCs count, BM blasts, Adverse risk cytogenetics, BCR/ABL and with relapse for CD30 expression, complete remission failure with elevated serum sCD30 level. While in B-ALL, CD30 expression (>20%) was detected in 20.5% ( 8 out of 39 patients) and elevated sCD30 was detected in 15.4℅ (6 out of 39 patients). However, we did not found significant relation between both CD30 expression and sCD30 level and BCR/ABL, relapse and failure of treatment. Conclusions: CD30 is expressed by lymphoblasts in ALL patients. We found that high CD30 expression and elevated sCD30 level can be used as prognostic markers for relapse and complete remission failure respectively in only T-ALL subtype not in B-ALL subtybe. Furthermore, These patients with adverse risk cytogenetics have not too many treatment options, so the use anti-CD30 targeted therapy may be a possible alternative for this patient group.

Objectives: As we noted that CD30 is a valuable molecule in regulation of growth and death of lymphocytes in malignant lymphomas, we decided to analyze CD30 expression and serum soluble CD30 (sCD30) molecule level in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) to assess their role as a prognostic markers and to examine the possibility of anti-CD30 to be a targeted therapy in these patients. Methods: We studied CD30 expression by Multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis on bone marrow aspirates of 90 ALL patients(51 T-ALL and 39 B-ALL). Serum sCD30 level was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosrbent Assay(ELSA). We correlate CD30 and sCD30 values with all of white blood cell counts, Hemoglobin, platelets, bone marrow blasts and cytogenetics. Results: Our study conducted on 90 ALL patients. The 90 ALL patients included 51 patients with T-ALL and 39 with B-ALL. Of the 51 T-ALL patients, 29 (56.8%) were males and 22 (43.2%) were females. Mean age was 42.4±19.1 years old (10-78 years), and of 39 B-ALL patients, 23(59%) were males and 16 (41%) were females. Mean age was 44.4±18.6 years old (9-70 years). In T-ALL, 33.3% ( 17 out of 51 patients) have high CD30-expression and 27.4℅ (14 out of 51 patients) have elevated serum sCD30.We found that there was a significant correlation between both CD30 expression and sCD30 level with WBCs count, BM blasts, Adverse risk cytogenetics, BCR/ABL and with relapse for CD30 expression, complete remission failure with elevated serum sCD30 level. While in B-ALL, CD30 expression (>20%) was detected in 20.5% ( 8 out of 39 patients) and elevated sCD30 was detected in 15.4℅ (6 out of 39 patients). However, we did not found significant relation between both CD30 expression and sCD30 level and BCR/ABL, relapse and failure of treatment. Conclusions: CD30 is expressed by lymphoblasts in ALL patients. We found that high CD30 expression and elevated sCD30 level can be used as prognostic markers for relapse and complete remission failure respectively in only T-ALL subtype not in B-ALL subtybe. Furthermore, These patients with adverse risk cytogenetics have not too many treatment options, so the use anti-CD30 targeted therapy may be a possible alternative for this patient group.

Objectives: As we noted that CD30 is a valuable molecule in regulation of growth and death of lymphocytes in malignant lymphomas, we analyzed CD30 expression and serum soluble CD30 (sCD30) molecule level in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to assess their role as a prognostic markers and to examine the possibility of anti-CD30 to be a targeted therapy in these patients. Methods: We studied CD30 expression by Multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis on bone marrow aspirates of 50 AML patients. Serum sCD30 level was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosrbent Assay (ELSA). We correlate CD30 and sCD30 values with all of white blood cell counts, Hemoglobin, platelets, bone marrow blasts and cytogenetics. The Fisher’s exact test or chi-square was used for comparison of categorical variables and the ttest or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for numerical comparisons using SPSS version 20. A p value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Our study conducted on 50 AML patients, the mean patients’ age was 47.4 ± 18.1 years (range, 17-77), 11 (22%) were males and 39 (78%) were females. 16 (32%) patients have high CD30-expression and 11 (22%) have elevated serum sCD30. We found that there was a significant correlation between both CD30 expression and sCD30 level with WBCs count, BM blasts, Adverse risk cytogenetics, FLT3/ITD and with relapse for CD30 expression, complete remission failure with elevated serum sCD30 level. Conclusions: CD30 is expressed by myeloblasts in AML patients. We found that high CD30 expression and elevated sCD30 level can be used as prognostic markers for relapse and complete remission failure respectively. Furthermore, these patients with adverse risk cytogenetics have not too many treatment options, so the use antiCD30 targeted therapy may be a possible alternative for this patient group which need further studies.

Objectives: As we noted that CD30 is a valuable molecule in regulation of growth and death of lymphocytes in malignant lymphomas, we analyzed CD30 expression and serum soluble CD30 (sCD30) molecule level in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to assess their role as a prognostic markers and to examine the possibility of anti-CD30 to be a targeted therapy in these patients. Methods: We studied CD30 expression by Multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis on bone marrow aspirates of 50 AML patients. Serum sCD30 level was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosrbent Assay (ELSA). We correlate CD30 and sCD30 values with all of white blood cell counts, Hemoglobin, platelets, bone marrow blasts and cytogenetics. The Fisher’s exact test or chi-square was used for comparison of categorical variables and the ttest or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for numerical comparisons using SPSS version 20. A p value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Our study conducted on 50 AML patients, the mean patients’ age was 47.4 ± 18.1 years (range, 17-77), 11 (22%) were males and 39 (78%) were females. 16 (32%) patients have high CD30-expression and 11 (22%) have elevated serum sCD30. We found that there was a significant correlation between both CD30 expression and sCD30 level with WBCs count, BM blasts, Adverse risk cytogenetics, FLT3/ITD and with relapse for CD30 expression, complete remission failure with elevated serum sCD30 level. Conclusions: CD30 is expressed by myeloblasts in AML patients. We found that high CD30 expression and elevated sCD30 level can be used as prognostic markers for relapse and complete remission failure respectively. Furthermore, these patients with adverse risk cytogenetics have not too many treatment options, so the use antiCD30 targeted therapy may be a possible alternative for this patient group which need further studies.