Abstract: Enhancement the oxidation constant (Kox) of Vitacid-C (Vit-C) in potassium chromate catalyzed by phosphate was studied. Molecular mechanics calculations suggest that the potential energy of the optimum molecular geometric structure of Vit-C is at least ten times of magnitude more stable than the PE of the molecular geometric structure of the same matrix. The oxidation constant Kox of Vit-C by K2CrO4 catalyzed by different mineral acids and different phosphate buffer are computed and discussed. Background: Ascorbic acid can be easily degraded depending on several variables. It has been reported that the degradation kinetics are significant affected by many environment factors such as pH, temperature, light, and the presence of enzymes, oxygen, and metallic catalyzers. The multifaceted nature of the debasement instruments prevents the improvement of mechanistic models, and pseudo- kinetic model, for example, zero order, first- order or second- order kinetics are frequently connected so as to get a solid match to the test information. Methods: Stock solutions of Vit-C and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) (Aldrich), Milwaukee, WI) were prepared. Thermo Electron-Vision pro Software V 4.10 UV/Vis spectrophotometer (190-1100 nm) with 1.0 cm quartz cell (scan speed, 5.0 nms-1) was used for spectrophotometric measurements. Results: The absorption spectra of K2CrO4 (0.5 mmol L-1) in different mineral acids were recorded as shown in Fig. (2). The decrease of the absorbance at about λmax =350 nm with increasing the concentration of Vit-C was observed. A good linearity (r ≥ 0.98) of the plotting absorbance vs. Vit-C concentration at constant an oxidant and acid, the slope of this straight line corresponding to the oxidation constant (Kox). The Kox increases according to the following series. HClO4 > H2SO4 >HNO3 >HCl >H3PO4. Conclusion: The Vit-C -Na3PO4 complex is a more favorable for the oxidative degradation than the Vit-C-H3PO4 matrix. The molar absorpitivity (ε) of the third-derivative (D3) is more sense about threeorder (2.36x103) of magnitude higher than D0 order (normal spectra). The limit of detection can be as low as 4.93 ppm (mgL-1) of Vit-C without treatment. This is about eight times (8.21) lower than that reported previously The molar absorpitivity (ε) of the third-derivative (D3) is more sense about threeorder (2.36 x 103) of magnitude higher than the normal spectra (zero-order, D0). The oxidation constant Kox of Vit-C by K2CrO4 catalyzed by different mineral acids according to the following series: HClO4 > H2SO4 > HNO3 > HCl > H3PO4. The oxidation constant Kox of Vit-C by K2CrO4 catalyzed by different phosphate buffer were computed and discussed.

Abstract: Enhancement the oxidation constant (Kox) of Vitacid-C (Vit-C) in potassium chromate catalyzed by phosphate was studied. Molecular mechanics calculations suggest that the potential energy of the optimum molecular geometric structure of Vit-C is at least ten times of magnitude more stable than the PE of the molecular geometric structure of the same matrix. The oxidation constant Kox of Vit-C by K2CrO4 catalyzed by different mineral acids and different phosphate buffer are computed and discussed. Background: Ascorbic acid can be easily degraded depending on several variables. It has been reported that the degradation kinetics are significant affected by many environment factors such as pH, temperature, light, and the presence of enzymes, oxygen, and metallic catalyzers. The multifaceted nature of the debasement instruments prevents the improvement of mechanistic models, and pseudo- kinetic model, for example, zero order, first- order or second- order kinetics are frequently connected so as to get a solid match to the test information. Methods: Stock solutions of Vit-C and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) (Aldrich), Milwaukee, WI) were prepared. Thermo Electron-Vision pro Software V 4.10 UV/Vis spectrophotometer (190-1100 nm) with 1.0 cm quartz cell (scan speed, 5.0 nms-1) was used for spectrophotometric measurements. Results: The absorption spectra of K2CrO4 (0.5 mmol L-1) in different mineral acids were recorded as shown in Fig. (2). The decrease of the absorbance at about λmax =350 nm with increasing the concentration of Vit-C was observed. A good linearity (r ≥ 0.98) of the plotting absorbance vs. Vit-C concentration at constant an oxidant and acid, the slope of this straight line corresponding to the oxidation constant (Kox). The Kox increases according to the following series. HClO4 > H2SO4 >HNO3 >HCl >H3PO4. Conclusion: The Vit-C -Na3PO4 complex is a more favorable for the oxidative degradation than the Vit-C-H3PO4 matrix. The molar absorpitivity (ε) of the third-derivative (D3) is more sense about threeorder (2.36x103) of magnitude higher than D0 order (normal spectra). The limit of detection can be as low as 4.93 ppm (mgL-1) of Vit-C without treatment. This is about eight times (8.21) lower than that reported previously The molar absorpitivity (ε) of the third-derivative (D3) is more sense about threeorder (2.36 x 103) of magnitude higher than the normal spectra (zero-order, D0). The oxidation constant Kox of Vit-C by K2CrO4 catalyzed by different mineral acids according to the following series: HClO4 > H2SO4 > HNO3 > HCl > H3PO4. The oxidation constant Kox of Vit-C by K2CrO4 catalyzed by different phosphate buffer were computed and discussed.

Abstract BACKGROUND:Hydatidosis, is an infection caused by the cystic larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus.This disease is a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution and common in developing and undeveloped countries. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study is to Studying the infection rate and predilection seats of hydatid cyst affections among slaughtered food animals in Aswan Governorate., southern Egypt and study the effect of age and sex of infected slaughtered animals on the infection with Hydatid cyst. Also study the effect of seasonal variations in the infection with Hydatid cyst among slaughtered animals. In addition the macroscopic examination, Microscopic examination Scanning electron microscopy and histopathological studies for the collected Hydatid cyst are examined METHODS,This investigation was carried out from August2015 to July2016 in two main slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate to study the hydatidosis in camels and sheep. by routine meat inspection , Hydatid cyst count and characterization was conducted. FINDINGS:A total of 2080 camels and 674sheep were examined. Of these, 173 (8.32%) camels and 3 (0.45%) sheep were found to harbour one or more Hydatid cysts.Female and older age slaughtered animals were more susceptible to infection with these metacestode than males and younger animals.Hydatid cyst infection in slaughtered animals is most commonly found in lung followed by liver while mixed infection in both lung and liver was found only in camel. Hydatid cyst in slaughtered camels was higher in autumn followed by winter, while Hydatid cyst in slaughtered sheep was found only in autumn season.Fertile cysts in lung and liver of slaughtered camels was (83.4%) and (30%), respectively. While the fertility of Hydatid cyst in infected lung and liver of sheep was (100%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS: This study reported that slaughtered animals were infected with relatively high infection rate of hydatid cyst may be due to the presence of socio-economic conditions favourable for the disease and maintenance of high level of infection .So must design governmental control programs against Hydatidosis to minimize the infection rate in Aswan Governorate and ensure effective protection not only for animal population but also for humans at risk of contracting the infection

Abstract BACKGROUND:Hydatidosis, is an infection caused by the cystic larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus.This disease is a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution and common in developing and undeveloped countries. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study is to Studying the infection rate and predilection seats of hydatid cyst affections among slaughtered food animals in Aswan Governorate., southern Egypt and study the effect of age and sex of infected slaughtered animals on the infection with Hydatid cyst. Also study the effect of seasonal variations in the infection with Hydatid cyst among slaughtered animals. In addition the macroscopic examination, Microscopic examination Scanning electron microscopy and histopathological studies for the collected Hydatid cyst are examined METHODS,This investigation was carried out from August2015 to July2016 in two main slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate to study the hydatidosis in camels and sheep. by routine meat inspection , Hydatid cyst count and characterization was conducted. FINDINGS:A total of 2080 camels and 674sheep were examined. Of these, 173 (8.32%) camels and 3 (0.45%) sheep were found to harbour one or more Hydatid cysts.Female and older age slaughtered animals were more susceptible to infection with these metacestode than males and younger animals.Hydatid cyst infection in slaughtered animals is most commonly found in lung followed by liver while mixed infection in both lung and liver was found only in camel. Hydatid cyst in slaughtered camels was higher in autumn followed by winter, while Hydatid cyst in slaughtered sheep was found only in autumn season.Fertile cysts in lung and liver of slaughtered camels was (83.4%) and (30%), respectively. While the fertility of Hydatid cyst in infected lung and liver of sheep was (100%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS: This study reported that slaughtered animals were infected with relatively high infection rate of hydatid cyst may be due to the presence of socio-economic conditions favourable for the disease and maintenance of high level of infection .So must design governmental control programs against Hydatidosis to minimize the infection rate in Aswan Governorate and ensure effective protection not only for animal population but also for humans at risk of contracting the infection

Abstract BACKGROUND:Hydatidosis, is an infection caused by the cystic larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus.This disease is a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution and common in developing and undeveloped countries. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study is to Studying the infection rate and predilection seats of hydatid cyst affections among slaughtered food animals in Aswan Governorate., southern Egypt and study the effect of age and sex of infected slaughtered animals on the infection with Hydatid cyst. Also study the effect of seasonal variations in the infection with Hydatid cyst among slaughtered animals. In addition the macroscopic examination, Microscopic examination Scanning electron microscopy and histopathological studies for the collected Hydatid cyst are examined METHODS,This investigation was carried out from August2015 to July2016 in two main slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate to study the hydatidosis in camels and sheep. by routine meat inspection , Hydatid cyst count and characterization was conducted. FINDINGS:A total of 2080 camels and 674sheep were examined. Of these, 173 (8.32%) camels and 3 (0.45%) sheep were found to harbour one or more Hydatid cysts.Female and older age slaughtered animals were more susceptible to infection with these metacestode than males and younger animals.Hydatid cyst infection in slaughtered animals is most commonly found in lung followed by liver while mixed infection in both lung and liver was found only in camel. Hydatid cyst in slaughtered camels was higher in autumn followed by winter, while Hydatid cyst in slaughtered sheep was found only in autumn season.Fertile cysts in lung and liver of slaughtered camels was (83.4%) and (30%), respectively. While the fertility of Hydatid cyst in infected lung and liver of sheep was (100%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS: This study reported that slaughtered animals were infected with relatively high infection rate of hydatid cyst may be due to the presence of socio-economic conditions favourable for the disease and maintenance of high level of infection .So must design governmental control programs against Hydatidosis to minimize the infection rate in Aswan Governorate and ensure effective protection not only for animal population but also for humans at risk of contracting the infection

Abstract Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting mainly the exocrine glands. Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is the most predominant renal involvement with lymphocyte and plasma cells infiltration of the interstitium. We report a case of young female with SSpresented withrenal tubular acidosis (RTA), polyradiculoneuropathy &proteinuria. Renal biopsy revealed granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Granuloma formation is rarely seen in cases of SS. Key Words:Sjӧgren's syndrome, Granulomatous tubulo-interstitial nephritis

Abstract Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting mainly the exocrine glands. Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is the most predominant renal involvement with lymphocyte and plasma cells infiltration of the interstitium. We report a case of young female with SSpresented withrenal tubular acidosis (RTA), polyradiculoneuropathy &proteinuria. Renal biopsy revealed granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Granuloma formation is rarely seen in cases of SS. Key Words:Sjӧgren's syndrome, Granulomatous tubulo-interstitial nephritis

Abstract Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting mainly the exocrine glands. Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is the most predominant renal involvement with lymphocyte and plasma cells infiltration of the interstitium. We report a case of young female with SSpresented withrenal tubular acidosis (RTA), polyradiculoneuropathy &proteinuria. Renal biopsy revealed granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Granuloma formation is rarely seen in cases of SS. Key Words:Sjӧgren's syndrome, Granulomatous tubulo-interstitial nephritis

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to assess prevalence of resistant hypertension (RHT) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study on 135 HD patients. RHT was defined as failure to reach target blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP 140 mmHg and diastolic BP 90 mmHg) with maximal dose of 3 antihypertensive therapies (AHT) including diuretics in patients with good daily urine output (> 500 cc/day) or at least 2 L/session ultrafiltration volume in oliguric (500-100 cc/day) or anuric patients ( 50 cc /day). Patients with post HD hypertension underwent 24h ambulatory monitor for their BP, which hourly measured their BP. Results: In our study; 34 (25.2%) of patients were non hypertensives, 43 (31.8%) were controlled hypertensives, 58 (43.0%) were uncontrolled hypertensives. Uncontrolled hypertensives with inadequate AHT were 53 (39.2 %), where RHT patients were 5 (3.7%)of all study population. Conclusions: We concluded that RHT had3.7% prevalence in HD patients

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to assess prevalence of resistant hypertension (RHT) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study on 135 HD patients. RHT was defined as failure to reach target blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP 140 mmHg and diastolic BP 90 mmHg) with maximal dose of 3 antihypertensive therapies (AHT) including diuretics in patients with good daily urine output (> 500 cc/day) or at least 2 L/session ultrafiltration volume in oliguric (500-100 cc/day) or anuric patients ( 50 cc /day). Patients with post HD hypertension underwent 24h ambulatory monitor for their BP, which hourly measured their BP. Results: In our study; 34 (25.2%) of patients were non hypertensives, 43 (31.8%) were controlled hypertensives, 58 (43.0%) were uncontrolled hypertensives. Uncontrolled hypertensives with inadequate AHT were 53 (39.2 %), where RHT patients were 5 (3.7%)of all study population. Conclusions: We concluded that RHT had3.7% prevalence in HD patients