Introduction The study aims to evaluate the effect of obesity on the endometrium in women with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) through evaluation of endometrial and subendometrial vascularity by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound, Doppler and three dimensional power Doppler (3DPD). Methods A prospective case-control study, conducted in a tertiary University hospital between February 2016 and December 2016. The study included 50 women with PCOD and 50 fertile regular menstruating women divided according to their body mass index (BMI) into normal weight and overweight/obese groups. Endometrial thickness and pattern combined with Doppler examination of the uterine vessels for measurement of Resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were assessed. Evaluation of endometrial and subendometrial blood flow was performed by 3DPD using Virtual organ computer-aided analysis program. Results No significant difference in the endometrial pattern or thickness between all study groups. Endometrial volume was significantly lower in the overweight/obese PCOD women and overall in the PCOD women compared to the control group (p  0.01). Uterine artery RI was significantly higher in the PCOD women compared to the control group (p = 0.004), but no difference in uterine PI. Vascular indices of endometrial and subendometrial blood flow were significantly lower in the overweight/obese PCOD women than the normal weight PCOD women. Conclusions The endometrium is negatively affected by obesity in women with PCOD. Additionally, PCOD women had lower endometrial and subendometrial blood flow than non-PCOD women. Therefore, overweight/obese PCOD women should be encouraged to reduce their body weight in order to improve the endometrial receptivity.

Introduction The study aims to evaluate the effect of obesity on the endometrium in women with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) through evaluation of endometrial and subendometrial vascularity by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound, Doppler and three dimensional power Doppler (3DPD). Methods A prospective case-control study, conducted in a tertiary University hospital between February 2016 and December 2016. The study included 50 women with PCOD and 50 fertile regular menstruating women divided according to their body mass index (BMI) into normal weight and overweight/obese groups. Endometrial thickness and pattern combined with Doppler examination of the uterine vessels for measurement of Resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were assessed. Evaluation of endometrial and subendometrial blood flow was performed by 3DPD using Virtual organ computer-aided analysis program. Results No significant difference in the endometrial pattern or thickness between all study groups. Endometrial volume was significantly lower in the overweight/obese PCOD women and overall in the PCOD women compared to the control group (p  0.01). Uterine artery RI was significantly higher in the PCOD women compared to the control group (p = 0.004), but no difference in uterine PI. Vascular indices of endometrial and subendometrial blood flow were significantly lower in the overweight/obese PCOD women than the normal weight PCOD women. Conclusions The endometrium is negatively affected by obesity in women with PCOD. Additionally, PCOD women had lower endometrial and subendometrial blood flow than non-PCOD women. Therefore, overweight/obese PCOD women should be encouraged to reduce their body weight in order to improve the endometrial receptivity.

Mixed endovascular and direct-puncture embolization is an effective and safe technique for preoperative devasularization of craniofacial arteriovenous malformation.

Mixed endovascular and direct-puncture embolization is an effective and safe technique for preoperative devasularization of craniofacial arteriovenous malformation.

Mixed endovascular and direct-puncture embolization is an effective and safe technique for preoperative devasularization of craniofacial arteriovenous malformation.

Mixed endovascular and direct-puncture embolization is an effective and safe technique for preoperative devasularization of craniofacial arteriovenous malformation.

The histological features of several chronic liver diseases are dominated by the abnormal accumulation of metabolic products. Although hepatocytes have enormous capacity to store iron and glycogen, this capacity may eventually be exceeded causing damage to the cells and their genetic material resulting in progressive liver diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, previous reports proved that HCV-infected patients who have large accumulation of hepatic iron have not responded well to interferon therapy, compared with patients with normal iron stores. As hepatic iron and glycogen overload constitute well-established major risk factors for the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, we aimed in this study to investigate the histochemical and histopathological changes of intracellular iron and glycogen stores of some human chronic liver diseases. Expression of cellular iron and glycogen was examined in 30 cases of chronic hepatitis, 14 cases of glycogen storage disease and 16 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. We investigated the prevalence of liver iron and glycogen deposition using the established histochemical methods; Perls' Prussian blue reaction and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) respectively. Staining intensity of hepatocytic iron and glycogen was defined from grade 0-4. Heavy iron staining was observed in 14/30 (47%) of cases of chronic hepatitis, 10/14 (71%) of cases of glycogen storage disease and12/16 (75%) of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, heavy glycogen staining was observed in 6/30 (20%) of cases of chronic hepatitis, 14/14 (100%) of cases of glycogen storage disease and 10/16 (62.5%) of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although iron deposition was in the form of diffuse intracellular fine granules in hepatocellular carcinoma, it was in the form of coarse granules in glycogen storage disease and chronic hepatitis. The present study confirms and extends the previous observations that there are some hidden factors predictive of liver disease complications. Among those factors which may play a major role are iron and glycogen status. In the future, both histochemical analysis for iron and glycogen of liver biopsies in chronic

NULL

NULL

NULL