Background Many researches cited that dyslalia is often associated with behavioral problems. However, the exact behavioral problems in the dyslalia children needs more researches. Aim The present study aimed to assess the different behavioral and psychological problems among children with dyslalia to help to provide an effective therapeutic strategy for these children. Methods The study was conducted on 80 children with different types of dyslalia diagnosed by Arabic Articulation Test (study group) and on 50 normal children (control group). The children’s behavioral profile was assessed via the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL). Results Results of the study showed that there were significantly higher percentage of children with dyslalia had delinquent behavior, lower competence level, activities level and school performance level. Also, there were significantly higher mean scores in nearly all the domains of the CBCL except for anxious/depression and social scores in the dyslalia group however, their scores did not reach the abnormal range. Conclusion Articulation problems showed broad relations to behavioral problems (especially externalizing problems and competence levels). These findings suggests that psychologists and other mental health professionals can play many roles in working directly with families of children with dyslalia. Increased collaboration with phoniatricians and specialists can facilitate effective phoniatric and psychiatric care.

Background Many researches cited that dyslalia is often associated with behavioral problems. However, the exact behavioral problems in the dyslalia children needs more researches. Aim The present study aimed to assess the different behavioral and psychological problems among children with dyslalia to help to provide an effective therapeutic strategy for these children. Methods The study was conducted on 80 children with different types of dyslalia diagnosed by Arabic Articulation Test (study group) and on 50 normal children (control group). The children’s behavioral profile was assessed via the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL). Results Results of the study showed that there were significantly higher percentage of children with dyslalia had delinquent behavior, lower competence level, activities level and school performance level. Also, there were significantly higher mean scores in nearly all the domains of the CBCL except for anxious/depression and social scores in the dyslalia group however, their scores did not reach the abnormal range. Conclusion Articulation problems showed broad relations to behavioral problems (especially externalizing problems and competence levels). These findings suggests that psychologists and other mental health professionals can play many roles in working directly with families of children with dyslalia. Increased collaboration with phoniatricians and specialists can facilitate effective phoniatric and psychiatric care.

Context Speech of prelingual hearing impaired (HI) speakers is commonly characterized by the presence of resonance abnormalities which is related with nasality. Aim To investigate and compare nasalance scores of Egyptian HI children including cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid (HA) users with normal hearing (NH) children. Settings and design It is an observational case–control study. Patients and methods The study consisted of group I: 41 HA children, group II: 24 CI children, and the control group: 31 age‑matched and sex‑matched children with NH. Nasometer II 6200 was used for evaluation of their nasalance scores. Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS, version 20, was used. Kruskal–Wallis and one‑way analysis of variance tests were performed to compare the mean differences between the nasalance scores of the three studied groups. While Mann–Whitney and post‑hoc tests were used for pairwise comparison. A correlation analysis was computed between the nasalance scores and many parameters using Spearman’s and Pearson’s coefficients. Results For oral sentence, both CI and HA children showed higher nasalance values in comparison with NH children. However, lower nasalance scores were observed for the nasal sentence. CI experience and enrollment into language therapy were found to have an effect on nasalance scores. Conclusions Resonance quality of the HI children is still at risk despite the fact that a significant number of them demonstrate normal resonance.

Context Speech of prelingual hearing impaired (HI) speakers is commonly characterized by the presence of resonance abnormalities which is related with nasality. Aim To investigate and compare nasalance scores of Egyptian HI children including cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid (HA) users with normal hearing (NH) children. Settings and design It is an observational case–control study. Patients and methods The study consisted of group I: 41 HA children, group II: 24 CI children, and the control group: 31 age‑matched and sex‑matched children with NH. Nasometer II 6200 was used for evaluation of their nasalance scores. Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS, version 20, was used. Kruskal–Wallis and one‑way analysis of variance tests were performed to compare the mean differences between the nasalance scores of the three studied groups. While Mann–Whitney and post‑hoc tests were used for pairwise comparison. A correlation analysis was computed between the nasalance scores and many parameters using Spearman’s and Pearson’s coefficients. Results For oral sentence, both CI and HA children showed higher nasalance values in comparison with NH children. However, lower nasalance scores were observed for the nasal sentence. CI experience and enrollment into language therapy were found to have an effect on nasalance scores. Conclusions Resonance quality of the HI children is still at risk despite the fact that a significant number of them demonstrate normal resonance.

Context Speech of prelingual hearing impaired (HI) speakers is commonly characterized by the presence of resonance abnormalities which is related with nasality. Aim To investigate and compare nasalance scores of Egyptian HI children including cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid (HA) users with normal hearing (NH) children. Settings and design It is an observational case–control study. Patients and methods The study consisted of group I: 41 HA children, group II: 24 CI children, and the control group: 31 age‑matched and sex‑matched children with NH. Nasometer II 6200 was used for evaluation of their nasalance scores. Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS, version 20, was used. Kruskal–Wallis and one‑way analysis of variance tests were performed to compare the mean differences between the nasalance scores of the three studied groups. While Mann–Whitney and post‑hoc tests were used for pairwise comparison. A correlation analysis was computed between the nasalance scores and many parameters using Spearman’s and Pearson’s coefficients. Results For oral sentence, both CI and HA children showed higher nasalance values in comparison with NH children. However, lower nasalance scores were observed for the nasal sentence. CI experience and enrollment into language therapy were found to have an effect on nasalance scores. Conclusions Resonance quality of the HI children is still at risk despite the fact that a significant number of them demonstrate normal resonance.

Context Speech of prelingual hearing impaired (HI) speakers is commonly characterized by the presence of resonance abnormalities which is related with nasality. Aim To investigate and compare nasalance scores of Egyptian HI children including cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid (HA) users with normal hearing (NH) children. Settings and design It is an observational case–control study. Patients and methods The study consisted of group I: 41 HA children, group II: 24 CI children, and the control group: 31 age‑matched and sex‑matched children with NH. Nasometer II 6200 was used for evaluation of their nasalance scores. Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS, version 20, was used. Kruskal–Wallis and one‑way analysis of variance tests were performed to compare the mean differences between the nasalance scores of the three studied groups. While Mann–Whitney and post‑hoc tests were used for pairwise comparison. A correlation analysis was computed between the nasalance scores and many parameters using Spearman’s and Pearson’s coefficients. Results For oral sentence, both CI and HA children showed higher nasalance values in comparison with NH children. However, lower nasalance scores were observed for the nasal sentence. CI experience and enrollment into language therapy were found to have an effect on nasalance scores. Conclusions Resonance quality of the HI children is still at risk despite the fact that a significant number of them demonstrate normal resonance.

ackground: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency primarily in developing countries. Objective: This study evaluates the effect of IDA on language development in preschool children. Methodology: The study is a multicenter, comparative cross-sectional study included 226 children between ages 4–6 years. The children were classified into two groups’ anemic (patients) and non anemic (controls) according to the hemoglobin level. All anemic children subjected to complete iron study including; Serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Serum ferritin level, to confirm the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. Cognitive assessment was done using the Arabic translation Stanford Binet intelligence scale, version four which comprised of four cognitive area scores; visual reasoning, verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning and short-term memory. Measurement of IQ and mental age were calculated for each child. Language evaluation was done using the Arabic Language test. Receptive language quotient, expressive language quotient and total language quotient were calculated for each child. Results: 122 children were anemic and 90 were non-anemic with hemoglobin level 10.65 and 11.96 g/dL, respectively (P 0.000). Anemic children had significantly lower serum ferritin (p 0.0001), and serum iron (p 0.0001) compared to the controls. Both groups were matched as regards age, sex, socioeconomic levels and parental educational level. No significant differences observed regarding IQ, mental age, receptive, expressive and total language quotients between anemic and non-anemic children. Conclusions: IDA does not seem to have an effect on language development in preschool Egyptian Children. Future large controlled studies with long follow-up time for the younger age group are needed to determine whether there are existent associations between IDA with language development.

ackground: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency primarily in developing countries. Objective: This study evaluates the effect of IDA on language development in preschool children. Methodology: The study is a multicenter, comparative cross-sectional study included 226 children between ages 4–6 years. The children were classified into two groups’ anemic (patients) and non anemic (controls) according to the hemoglobin level. All anemic children subjected to complete iron study including; Serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Serum ferritin level, to confirm the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. Cognitive assessment was done using the Arabic translation Stanford Binet intelligence scale, version four which comprised of four cognitive area scores; visual reasoning, verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning and short-term memory. Measurement of IQ and mental age were calculated for each child. Language evaluation was done using the Arabic Language test. Receptive language quotient, expressive language quotient and total language quotient were calculated for each child. Results: 122 children were anemic and 90 were non-anemic with hemoglobin level 10.65 and 11.96 g/dL, respectively (P 0.000). Anemic children had significantly lower serum ferritin (p 0.0001), and serum iron (p 0.0001) compared to the controls. Both groups were matched as regards age, sex, socioeconomic levels and parental educational level. No significant differences observed regarding IQ, mental age, receptive, expressive and total language quotients between anemic and non-anemic children. Conclusions: IDA does not seem to have an effect on language development in preschool Egyptian Children. Future large controlled studies with long follow-up time for the younger age group are needed to determine whether there are existent associations between IDA with language development.

Background:Inflammatory and oxidative stress caused by infection has recently been proposed as a mechanism of association between the red cell distribution width (RDW) and infectious diseases, such as community-acquired pneumonia(CAP). Objective:The present goal was to assess the prognostic importance of the RDW test in patients with CAP. Patients and methods: The present research was a descriptive and prospective study of patients diagnosed with CAP. All were admitted to Chest Department of Assiut University Hospital between April 2017 and July 2018.Assessment of CAP severity at time of hospital admission using Pneumonia Severity Index was done for all enrolled patients. Complete blood count was measured by automated hematology analyzer, and RDW was reported as a part of the complete blood count result. Normal reference range of RDW was 11.5–14.5%. All of the patients were followed up until being discharged. The outcome variable was in-hospital mortality. Results:The current study involved 94 patients with CAP: 77(82%) survived and 17 (18%) died. RDW level was significantly higher in non survivors compared with survivors(18.52±3.07 vs. 12.76±2.08;P=0.022). A significant positive relationship was found between RDW level and Pneumonia Severity Index points (r=0.664;P=0.000). Regarding the diagnostic performance of the RDW test, it was observed that RDW level at cutoff point more than 16.1% had 94.12%sensitivity and 98.70% specificity for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with CAP. Conclusion: The present data indicated that the measurement of RDW on admission may provide the physician with a tool to predict the outcomes of patients with CAP and thus assist in decision making and management in such cases either alone or alongside the other well-established means, taking into account that RDW testing is simple, cheaper, and readily available.

Background:Inflammatory and oxidative stress caused by infection has recently been proposed as a mechanism of association between the red cell distribution width (RDW) and infectious diseases, such as community-acquired pneumonia(CAP). Objective:The present goal was to assess the prognostic importance of the RDW test in patients with CAP. Patients and methods: The present research was a descriptive and prospective study of patients diagnosed with CAP. All were admitted to Chest Department of Assiut University Hospital between April 2017 and July 2018.Assessment of CAP severity at time of hospital admission using Pneumonia Severity Index was done for all enrolled patients. Complete blood count was measured by automated hematology analyzer, and RDW was reported as a part of the complete blood count result. Normal reference range of RDW was 11.5–14.5%. All of the patients were followed up until being discharged. The outcome variable was in-hospital mortality. Results:The current study involved 94 patients with CAP: 77(82%) survived and 17 (18%) died. RDW level was significantly higher in non survivors compared with survivors(18.52±3.07 vs. 12.76±2.08;P=0.022). A significant positive relationship was found between RDW level and Pneumonia Severity Index points (r=0.664;P=0.000). Regarding the diagnostic performance of the RDW test, it was observed that RDW level at cutoff point more than 16.1% had 94.12%sensitivity and 98.70% specificity for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with CAP. Conclusion: The present data indicated that the measurement of RDW on admission may provide the physician with a tool to predict the outcomes of patients with CAP and thus assist in decision making and management in such cases either alone or alongside the other well-established means, taking into account that RDW testing is simple, cheaper, and readily available.