Background: Gaucher Disease (GD) is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disease. GD is associated with remarkable alterations in the immune system, and GD patients are more susceptible to infections and are at a higher risk of developing autoimmune disorders and malignancies. Aim: to determine the changes in lymphocyte subpopulations and activated T lymphocytes (CD3+ HLA-DR+) in children with GD under enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) managed in Assiut Children university hospitals. Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted among 18 children aged from 2-14 years (10 males and 8 females) with GD type 1 under enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) admitted to Assiut children university hospitals. Three-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping was used for determining the frequency of lymphocyte subpopulations and activated T lymphocytes in these patients. Results: A significant increases was found in the frequencies of total lymphocytes, CD19+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ in children with GD1 when compared to healthy control. The frequencies of activated T-Lymphocytes (CD3+ HLA-DR+), activated CD4 (CD4+ HLA-DR+) and activated CD8 (CD8+ HLA-DR+) were significantly higher in GD1 as compared to healthy children. Conclusion: The increased proportion of activated T-lymphocytes in children with GD1 raises the issue of their involvement in the pathogenesis of the immune dysfunction seen in these patients. Activated T-lymphocytes could play a role in the clinical course of GD1.

Background: Egypt is the highest affected country with Chronic hepatitis C with a prevalence of 22%. . Seroprevalence of HCV is 0.2% in children 11 years and 0.4% in children ≥11 years of age. Aim : To evaluate the use of 1H MRS and DW-MRI in early detection of liver fibrosis by measuring some metabolic components (Glx/lipid, PME/lipid and Glyu/lipid ratios) and ADC in liver tissues in relation to histopathological changes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2012-2014, included thirty children (25 ♂ & 5♀ ) with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C infection matched to twenty healthy children as controls . Anti HCV antibodies, HCV RNA PCR, liver function tests , abdominal ultrasonography, percutaneous liver biopsy and IH MRS (Glx/lipid, PME/lipid, Glyu/lipid ratios) and DW-MRI were done. Results: METAVIR grades showed 29 cases (96.6%) had activity while 17 cases (56.7 %) had fibrosis and +ve TGF-β1 in liver tissues in 19 cases (63.3%). Significant positive correlations between the results of 1H MRS and liver biopsy (METAVIR Grades, Stages and TGF-β1). Multivariant regression analysis showed that DW-MRI (reflected by ADC) was the good predictor for activity and Glyu/lipid ratio of MRS was the good predictor of fibrosis. Conclusion:Early diagnosis of asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C is essential to prevent or delay liver fibrosis. TGF-β1 in liver tissue may be considered a useful better tool in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis. 1H MRS may be a non-invasive helpful diagnostic tool in assessing asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C children

Background: Egypt is the highest affected country with Chronic hepatitis C with a prevalence of 22%. . Seroprevalence of HCV is 0.2% in children 11 years and 0.4% in children ≥11 years of age. Aim : To evaluate the use of 1H MRS and DW-MRI in early detection of liver fibrosis by measuring some metabolic components (Glx/lipid, PME/lipid and Glyu/lipid ratios) and ADC in liver tissues in relation to histopathological changes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2012-2014, included thirty children (25 ♂ & 5♀ ) with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C infection matched to twenty healthy children as controls . Anti HCV antibodies, HCV RNA PCR, liver function tests , abdominal ultrasonography, percutaneous liver biopsy and IH MRS (Glx/lipid, PME/lipid, Glyu/lipid ratios) and DW-MRI were done. Results: METAVIR grades showed 29 cases (96.6%) had activity while 17 cases (56.7 %) had fibrosis and +ve TGF-β1 in liver tissues in 19 cases (63.3%). Significant positive correlations between the results of 1H MRS and liver biopsy (METAVIR Grades, Stages and TGF-β1). Multivariant regression analysis showed that DW-MRI (reflected by ADC) was the good predictor for activity and Glyu/lipid ratio of MRS was the good predictor of fibrosis. Conclusion:Early diagnosis of asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C is essential to prevent or delay liver fibrosis. TGF-β1 in liver tissue may be considered a useful better tool in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis. 1H MRS may be a non-invasive helpful diagnostic tool in assessing asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C children

Background: Egypt is the highest affected country with Chronic hepatitis C with a prevalence of 22%. . Seroprevalence of HCV is 0.2% in children 11 years and 0.4% in children ≥11 years of age. Aim : To evaluate the use of 1H MRS and DW-MRI in early detection of liver fibrosis by measuring some metabolic components (Glx/lipid, PME/lipid and Glyu/lipid ratios) and ADC in liver tissues in relation to histopathological changes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2012-2014, included thirty children (25 ♂ & 5♀ ) with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C infection matched to twenty healthy children as controls . Anti HCV antibodies, HCV RNA PCR, liver function tests , abdominal ultrasonography, percutaneous liver biopsy and IH MRS (Glx/lipid, PME/lipid, Glyu/lipid ratios) and DW-MRI were done. Results: METAVIR grades showed 29 cases (96.6%) had activity while 17 cases (56.7 %) had fibrosis and +ve TGF-β1 in liver tissues in 19 cases (63.3%). Significant positive correlations between the results of 1H MRS and liver biopsy (METAVIR Grades, Stages and TGF-β1). Multivariant regression analysis showed that DW-MRI (reflected by ADC) was the good predictor for activity and Glyu/lipid ratio of MRS was the good predictor of fibrosis. Conclusion:Early diagnosis of asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C is essential to prevent or delay liver fibrosis. TGF-β1 in liver tissue may be considered a useful better tool in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis. 1H MRS may be a non-invasive helpful diagnostic tool in assessing asymptomatic chronic hepatitis C children

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