A two-level voltage source inverter (2L-VSI) when working under overmodulation regulation potentially has low performance, especially during large reference or load changes. To address this problem, a new calculation method is proposed in this article by determining a new reference vector from the boundary of linear-modulation zone as a best vector. The reference vector is synthesized by one or two vectors on the boundary line. Therefore, this technique simplifies the calculations to obtain the duty cycles and uses these duty cycles to identify the overmodulation zones. The proposed method is applied to the modulated model predictive control (MMPC) and the space vector modulation, respectively, in a 2L-VSI. A comprehensive assessment mathematically proves that both methods are in consistence with each other. Simulations and experiments are carried out to show that the proposed methods can reduce the computational burden and implementation complexity and improve the performance of the 2L-VSI in terms of fast dynamic response and smooth transition between the linear-modulation zone and overmodulation zone.

Finite-control-set model predictive control (FCSMPC) techniques have been widely applied for power electronics, and motor drive. Furthermore, the principles of FCS-MPC have been extended to phase-locked loop (PLL), which called finiteposition-set PLL (FPS-PLL), for sensorless control of permanentmagnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) in wind turbine applications (WTAs). However, 64 iterations are essential to find the optimal rotor position, i.e., high computational burden. In this article, two computationally efficient (CE) FPS-PLLs are proposed for encoderless control of PMSGs in WTAs. The first CE-FPS-PLL1 reduces the number of iterations to 36 with slightly better accuracy than the FPS-PLL, while the second (novel) CE-FPS-PLL2 calls for only 24 iterations to find the best rotor position with significantly better accuracy than the FPS-PLL. The performance of the proposed CE-FPS-PLLs has been experimentally investigated, and compared with that of the FPS-PLL, and classical PLL using a 14.5-kW PMSG. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed CE-FPS-PLLs is investigated against variations of the PMSG parameters.

 Electrospraying is a process that uses electrostatic force to break up a liquid into droplets by using a strong electric field. There are different modes of electrospraying depending on the electric field strength and the liquid flow rate for a specified liquid. The simple-jet mode is among these modes, which can produce monodisperse droplets. This article is aimed at analyzing electrospraying in simple-jet mode of a pesticide—solution issued from the nozzle of a capillary of the spray—system. The analysis includes the formation of a jet charged by conduction at low applied voltages (below corona onset) and by corona discharge at voltages higher than the corona onset value. The electric field distribution in the space between the charged jet and the target is calculated at voltages below and above the corona onset value. The disintegration of the jet into droplets is assessed to determine the jet length and radius as well as the charge and radius of droplets. The current–voltage characteristic of the spray system is calculated and checked experimentally. The agreement between the calculated and measured currents in the spray system at the same applied voltage is satisfactory.