The number of tall buildings is increasing as a result of the advances in construction technologies and the rising land prices. These buildings are characterised by their high energy consumption compared to other building types as they rely intensively on mechanical HVAC systems due to the extreme weather conditions associated with the increase in height. However, they present a great opportunity for energy savings. In recent years, it has been noticed the increasing interest in geometry and form of tall buildings, as a result of the evolution of parametric modelling and 3D visualisation tools, on the expense of the environmental aspect. This paper discusses factors affecting the energy consumption in the tall buildings. Through an extensive analysis of Literature, active and passive energy efficient strategies adopted in tall building at various building stages are identified. In addition, the role of architectural design parameters, such as building form, orientation and envelope on the tall building energy performance are highlighted. Finally, a set of guidelines and environmental design strategies to be considered in different phases in order to achieve energy-efficient tall buildings are proposed. These strategies have been categorised into four stages namely early design, conceptualisation, and documentation and operational. A 3D modelling approach was used to visualise and illustrate the proposed strategies in different stages.

The number of tall buildings is increasing as a result of the advances in construction technologies and the rising land prices. These buildings are characterised by their high energy consumption compared to other building types as they rely intensively on mechanical HVAC systems due to the extreme weather conditions associated with the increase in height. However, they present a great opportunity for energy savings. In recent years, it has been noticed the increasing interest in geometry and form of tall buildings, as a result of the evolution of parametric modelling and 3D visualisation tools, on the expense of the environmental aspect. This paper discusses factors affecting the energy consumption in the tall buildings. Through an extensive analysis of Literature, active and passive energy efficient strategies adopted in tall building at various building stages are identified. In addition, the role of architectural design parameters, such as building form, orientation and envelope on the tall building energy performance are highlighted. Finally, a set of guidelines and environmental design strategies to be considered in different phases in order to achieve energy-efficient tall buildings are proposed. These strategies have been categorised into four stages namely early design, conceptualisation, and documentation and operational. A 3D modelling approach was used to visualise and illustrate the proposed strategies in different stages.

The number of tall buildings is increasing as a result of the advances in construction technologies and the rising land prices. These buildings are characterised by their high energy consumption compared to other building types as they rely intensively on mechanical HVAC systems due to the extreme weather conditions associated with the increase in height. However, they present a great opportunity for energy savings. In recent years, it has been noticed the increasing interest in geometry and form of tall buildings, as a result of the evolution of parametric modelling and 3D visualisation tools, on the expense of the environmental aspect. This paper discusses factors affecting the energy consumption in the tall buildings. Through an extensive analysis of Literature, active and passive energy efficient strategies adopted in tall building at various building stages are identified. In addition, the role of architectural design parameters, such as building form, orientation and envelope on the tall building energy performance are highlighted. Finally, a set of guidelines and environmental design strategies to be considered in different phases in order to achieve energy-efficient tall buildings are proposed. These strategies have been categorised into four stages namely early design, conceptualisation, and documentation and operational. A 3D modelling approach was used to visualise and illustrate the proposed strategies in different stages.

The number of tall buildings is increasing as a result of the advances in construction technologies and the rising land prices. These buildings are characterised by their high energy consumption compared to other building types as they rely intensively on mechanical HVAC systems due to the extreme weather conditions associated with the increase in height. However, they present a great opportunity for energy savings. In recent years, it has been noticed the increasing interest in geometry and form of tall buildings, as a result of the evolution of parametric modelling and 3D visualisation tools, on the expense of the environmental aspect. This paper discusses factors affecting the energy consumption in the tall buildings. Through an extensive analysis of Literature, active and passive energy efficient strategies adopted in tall building at various building stages are identified. In addition, the role of architectural design parameters, such as building form, orientation and envelope on the tall building energy performance are highlighted. Finally, a set of guidelines and environmental design strategies to be considered in different phases in order to achieve energy-efficient tall buildings are proposed. These strategies have been categorised into four stages namely early design, conceptualisation, and documentation and operational. A 3D modelling approach was used to visualise and illustrate the proposed strategies in different stages.

تزايدت أعداد المبانى العالية بصورة كبيرة فى مدن العالم المتقدمة والنامية على حدٍ سواء نتيجة لتجمع مجموعة عوامل كان أهمها التقدم التكنولوجى فى صناعة البناء وتطور المصاعد الرأسية بالإضافة إلى تناقص المعروض من الأرض الصالحة للبناء وإرتفاع ثمنها، تلك المبانى التى تتميز بكونها أكثر أنماط المبانى إستهلاكاً للطاقة، نظراً لإعتمادها بصورة شبه كاملة على الإضاءة والتهوية الصناعية، كما يؤدى الإرتفاع إلى إنعزالها عن النسيج العمرانى المحيط وبالتالى تأثرها بشكل أكبر بالعوامل المناخية كالإشعاع الشمسى المباشر، الأمر الذى يزيد من أحمال التبريد الصناعية. هذا بجانب الإستهلاك الكبير للطاقة فى الحركة الرأسية للأفراد والمواد خلال إرتفاع المبنى. هناك العديد من العوامل التى تؤثر على كفاءة إستهلاك الطاقة فى المبانى العالية فى المناخ الحار، وتعتبر العوامل المعمارية كتوزيع إستخدامات المبنى وتصميم الشكل الهندسى والغلاف الخارجى من أهم تلك العوامل التى تلعب دوراً محورياً فى تحديد طريقة إستهلاك المبنى العالى للطاقة، لذا فإن البحث يهدف إلى صياغة دليل تصميمى لتلك العوامل من أجل المساعدة على إتخاذ القرارات التصميمية المناسبة لإنتاج مبانى عالية كفء فى إستهلاك الطاقة.

تزايدت أعداد المبانى العالية بصورة كبيرة فى مدن العالم المتقدمة والنامية على حدٍ سواء نتيجة لتجمع مجموعة عوامل كان أهمها التقدم التكنولوجى فى صناعة البناء وتطور المصاعد الرأسية بالإضافة إلى تناقص المعروض من الأرض الصالحة للبناء وإرتفاع ثمنها، تلك المبانى التى تتميز بكونها أكثر أنماط المبانى إستهلاكاً للطاقة، نظراً لإعتمادها بصورة شبه كاملة على الإضاءة والتهوية الصناعية، كما يؤدى الإرتفاع إلى إنعزالها عن النسيج العمرانى المحيط وبالتالى تأثرها بشكل أكبر بالعوامل المناخية كالإشعاع الشمسى المباشر، الأمر الذى يزيد من أحمال التبريد الصناعية. هذا بجانب الإستهلاك الكبير للطاقة فى الحركة الرأسية للأفراد والمواد خلال إرتفاع المبنى. هناك العديد من العوامل التى تؤثر على كفاءة إستهلاك الطاقة فى المبانى العالية فى المناخ الحار، وتعتبر العوامل المعمارية كتوزيع إستخدامات المبنى وتصميم الشكل الهندسى والغلاف الخارجى من أهم تلك العوامل التى تلعب دوراً محورياً فى تحديد طريقة إستهلاك المبنى العالى للطاقة، لذا فإن البحث يهدف إلى صياغة دليل تصميمى لتلك العوامل من أجل المساعدة على إتخاذ القرارات التصميمية المناسبة لإنتاج مبانى عالية كفء فى إستهلاك الطاقة.

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The main objective of this study is to discuss the economical and the environmental analysis of a net zero energy (NZE) tourist village in Alexandria, Egypt, by maximizing the renewable energy fraction and minimizing the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The hybrid photovoltaics (PV)/wind/diesel/battery system is found to be the optimum hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for the proposed tourist village under the study. The optimum HRES consists of 1600 kW of PV panels (58.09% solar energy penetration), 1000 kW of wind turbines (41.34% wind energy penetration), 1000 kW of power converters,200 kW diesel generator (only 0.57% diesel generator penetration) in addition to 2000 batteries with the capacity of 589 Ah each. The levelized cost of energy (COE) from the optimum HRES is $0.17/kWh and the total net present cost (NPC) of this system is $15,383,360. Additionally, the maximum renewable energy fraction is 99.1% and the amount of GHG emitted from the optimum HRES is only 31,289 kg/year, which is negligible in comparison with the other system configurations, therefore the optimum HRES can be considered as a green system. In addition to this, the achieved percentage of the capacity shortage and the unmet load in the optimal HRES is only 0% for both.