This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm (GA)- based method to determine the location and size of DG sources in distribution systems using single DG placement algorithm for determining the locations at first. Then, the GA is utilized to determine the global sizes of DG sources which minimize single- or multi-objective function related to these systems. The influence of active- and reactive-power injection on the sizing and placement of DG sources is investigated. The predictions of the proposed method as regards the sizing and placement of DG sources are compared with those obtained before using particle swarm optimization at steady weather conditions.

This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm (GA)- based method to determine the location and size of DG sources in distribution systems using single DG placement algorithm for determining the locations at first. Then, the GA is utilized to determine the global sizes of DG sources which minimize single- or multi-objective function related to these systems. The influence of active- and reactive-power injection on the sizing and placement of DG sources is investigated. The predictions of the proposed method as regards the sizing and placement of DG sources are compared with those obtained before using particle swarm optimization at steady weather conditions.

The main target of this research is to allow the DSTATCOM using 6-pulse inverter to participate effectively in mitigating voltage sags. The basic idea of the voltage sag reduction using a D-STATCOM, which is connected in shunt with the system, is to dynamically inject a reactive power into the utility grid. In this study, 6-pulse inverter operation is conducted using the sinusoidal PWM. The voltage magnitude as well as phase angle are taken as a base to convert the DC link voltage (Vdc) on the capacitor to a voltage source using the developed D- STATCOM. This method offers structural simplicity and less calculation complexity by using Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) software. Simulation results indicate that this method is effective and D-STATCOM has good performance and capable of mitigating voltage sag as well as improving power quality of a distribution system. Static and dynamic loads are used to deem the effectiveness of the developed DSTATCOM.

The main target of this research is to allow the DSTATCOM using 6-pulse inverter to participate effectively in mitigating voltage sags. The basic idea of the voltage sag reduction using a D-STATCOM, which is connected in shunt with the system, is to dynamically inject a reactive power into the utility grid. In this study, 6-pulse inverter operation is conducted using the sinusoidal PWM. The voltage magnitude as well as phase angle are taken as a base to convert the DC link voltage (Vdc) on the capacitor to a voltage source using the developed D- STATCOM. This method offers structural simplicity and less calculation complexity by using Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) software. Simulation results indicate that this method is effective and D-STATCOM has good performance and capable of mitigating voltage sag as well as improving power quality of a distribution system. Static and dynamic loads are used to deem the effectiveness of the developed DSTATCOM.

We investigate the L2 -stabilization of linear systems using output feedback event-triggered controllers. In particular, we are interested in the scenario where the plant output and the control input are transmitted to the controller and to the actuators, respectively, over two different digital channels, which have their own sampling rule. The plant dynamics is affected by external disturbances and the output measurement and the control input are corrupted by noises. We present a co-design procedure to simultaneously synthesize dynamic output feedback laws and event-triggering conditions such that the closed-loop system is L2 -stable with a given upper-bound on the L2 -gain. The required conditions are formulated in terms of the feasibility of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Then, we exploit these LMIs to maximize the guaranteed minimum time between two transmissions of the plant output and/or of the control input. We also present a heuristic method to reduce the amount of transmissions for each channel. The developed technique encompasses time-driven (and so periodic) sampling as a particular case and the result is also new in this context. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated on a numerical example.

In this study, 13 typical wide-flange steel columns, each carrying an axial load equal to 25% of its axial capacity, are field tested using live explosives, involving charge size of 50 to 250 kg of ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) and ground stand-off distance of 7.0 to 10.3 m. The reflected pressure time histories, time-dependent displacements, accelerations, and strains of the columns are measured, and their postblast damages and failure modes are reported. Maximum deformations, vibration periods, strain-rate, and contributing modes in the dynamic response of the columns are compared to those of companion steel beams (without axial load) tested in the same setup. Results show that columns that exhibit elastic response, due to the elongation of the column vibration period caused by the axial load, the lateral deformation caused by blast load is reduced rather than magnified by the axial load. The axial-bending interaction, or P-δ effect, may be neglected for steel columns with axial load up to 25% of their axial capacity, provided the column response remains within the elastic range—but if it crosses into the plastic range, the interaction cannot be ignored.

In this study the dynamic response of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams was experimentally evaluated under blast loading. Eighteen beams were field tested using 40 to 250 kg charges of ANFO explosive detonated at a ground standoff distance of 10 to 30 m. Other test parameters included variation of transverse and longitudinal reinforcements. Blast wave characteristics, displacement and strain histories were measured, and the post-blast damage and mode of failure of the test specimens were observed. Results showed change in failure mechanism with variation of blast load scaled distance, and/or longitudinal reinforcement. To simulate the observed responses of the test beams and investigate the relationship between the initial forces and deformations developed in RC beams due to blast loading and the associated failure modes, beams were modeled using the Timoshenko beam theory. It was determined that beam deformations in the initial phase of a blast induced response cycle were dominated by shear. The ratio of shear demand to shear capacity, the latter computed based on the Canadian Standard CAN/CSA A23.3, was deemed to be the most influential parameter that governed the failure mechanism. In addition, assuming a deformed shape based on static loading resulted in underestimating the shear demand, which, in turn, could lead to inaccurate predictions of the failure mechanism.

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the damage and wave propagation characteristics in Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) panels subjected to impact by steel balls at relatively low-velocities up to 91 ms−1. While maintaining the same impact energy level, the influence of ball mass on panel response was studied. The effects of composite lay-up sequence and successive impacts were also investigated. The wave propagation characteristics, including wave types, wave velocities, wave attenuations, and strain rates, were extracted from dynamic strain records measured at various locations on the panels. The results showed that, for the same level of impact energy, the small ball mass produced larger deformation and delamination than the large ball mass. Additionally, the resistance to impact was influenced by the composite lay-up sequence of similar fibre weight fraction. Test panels subjected to successive impacts showed an increase in cumulative delamination areas, whereas the tests indicated that successive impacts had a little effect on the perforation limit of the test panels. The impact velocity showed a pronounced influence on the measured peak strains and strain rates. The flexural wave was the predominant wave system, propagating at different velocities in different directions. In proximity to the impact site, both flexural wave and indentation predominated over the transient response. In addition to the flexural wave, impact induced low amplitude tensile longitudinal waves of high velocity.

In this research, artificial neural networks (ANN) and sliding mode (SM) controllers are designed for islanded PV energy generation system in order to improve the dynamic PV energy production performance. Time domain simulation results of the PV system subjected to major disturbances are provided and investigated. To prove the superiority of the proposed controllers, the obtained results of the developed ANN and SM controllers are compared to conventional PI controller. From the simulated results, ANN controller shows better performance in comparison to SM and conventional PI controllers.

In this research, artificial neural networks (ANN) and sliding mode (SM) controllers are designed for islanded PV energy generation system in order to improve the dynamic PV energy production performance. Time domain simulation results of the PV system subjected to major disturbances are provided and investigated. To prove the superiority of the proposed controllers, the obtained results of the developed ANN and SM controllers are compared to conventional PI controller. From the simulated results, ANN controller shows better performance in comparison to SM and conventional PI controllers.