This study investigates the relation between Arabic script and furniture design, as well as their common characteristics. Through experimental modeling, it also verifies the possibility of adapting those uniquely similar qualities to create a special style of flexible, sustainable furniture. This research is mainly interested in the formulation of new guidelines for a special style of flexible, sustainable furniture. This study reviews the literature to identify and classify various methods of using Arabic calligraphy in furniture design, as well as sustainable issues and solutions in furniture design and manufacturing. Experimental three-dimensional modeling software is used to analyze the various forms of Arabic calligraphy, as well as to select the most flexible in the formation of furniture. It was the analysis of the shape and proportions of the different character types (such as Kufic- Andalusian ....... etc.) to simulate the possibility of adapting Arabic calligraphy to the design of flexible, sustainable furniture.

The University has an important role in society in three main axes; education, scientific research and community services where the progress of nations is measured with its strength, the degree of preparation, and kept abreast of the requirements of the times. Because of the fact that the university is made up - at the end - of study plans and programs and also in order to overcome to compete with graduates locally, regionally and internationally, the most important functions of the university as a whole and departments in particular are the preparation of strong plans and study programs for all disciplines and it also works to update and continually developed to keep pace with the requirements of both the labor market and academic accreditation, as well as the requirements of the time. Therefore, and from the points of, standards setting and development of plans and study program of Electrical Engineering Department it is considered the electric power engineering as a case study and research to reach the conclusion concerning the status of the plan and the study program of this specialty, and then it can be used for the preparation, development or update any similar study program. The design of engineering education programs to ensure that an appropriate mechanism to provide the manpower of the output of this type of education required by the labor market with adequate standard, is necessary, and frequently, and it Can only be achieved through the study of labor market needs from the engineering disciplines and the requirements of the times and also to study the effect of each on the current engineering education programs, as well as a reflection on the training of students before and after graduation. It has been concluded in this study, a survey of opinion of the graduates of engineering education departments of Electrical Power Engineering allocated through the largest pool of Engineers Web site, which includes tens of thousands of engineers. They are graduated from various programs from various universities, which also led to a compilation of many of the opinions, ideas and visions that have influenced the subject. This also contributed significantly to give a true and realistic of the appropriateness of the program of engineering education to allocate electric power engineering for both of the labor market requirements and the requirements of the times. The study also concluded to a vision of what should be the education program allocates a strong electrical engineering, which looks to it concerned so as to reduce the gap between the state of graduate engineering education on the one hand and the requirements of the labor market on the other. It was also studied in this work, the relevance of engineering education program to allocate electric power engineering for both of the labor market requirements and the requirements of the times. It has also been reached in this study to confirm the role of cross between the institutions of engineering education and labor market institutions, by including study plans for the disciplines of engineering education to ensure the rehabilitation outcomes of engineering education to meet the needs and requirements of the practice of the profession and meet the requirements of current and future development, and also to make the graduate is not qualified only but competitor in the labor market in the era of globalization. At the same time this study led to lay the foundations for the development of study plans for engineering education to be compatible with the requirements of the times. According to the feedback from the fields of employment it has been reached to develop the structure of the proposed plan for the degree of Bachelor of Electric Power Engineering including the graduation requirements for the proposed program for the degree of Bachelor of Electrical Power and the distribution of these requirements on both, theoretical and practical parts. It has been introduced some important recommendations, which related to engineering education and its relationship with all of the requirements of the labor market and the requirements of the times. And also about the future of the relationship and partnership between the institutions of engineering education on the one hand, and labor market institutions on the other hand to produce a new generation of engineers and try to bridge the gap between today and the level of graduate level required by the labor market. There are also some recommendations that serve the raise the level of performance prong practical engineering education, whether during or after graduation.

إن استخدام المعدات والأجهزة الكهربائية بالمنازل والمعامل والمختبرات والمكاتب وكافة أماكن العمل التى تشع مجالات كهرومغناطيسية يؤدي الي ارتفاع درجة التلوث الكهرومغناطيسي بتلك الأماكن مما يجعل مستخدميها أكثر تعرضا لتلك المجالات وبقيم عالية ولفترات ليست بالقصيرة مما يؤثر سلبا علي صحتهم. كما أن التوصيلات الكهربائية المنفذة بطريقة غير سليمة بالمنشآت المختلفة يصاحبها أيضا زيادة في قيمة المجالات الكهرومغناطيسية المنبعثة مما يؤدي الي ارتفاع درحة التلوث الكهرومغناطيسي واتساع مناطق التلوث. ومن ناحية أخري فإن النمو المتزايد للمدن والمجتمعات أدى إلى ظهور مجتمعات جديدة والزحف تجاه خطوط نقل وتوزيع الطاقة الكهربائية فأصبحت أماكن الإعاشة قريبة جدا من تلك الخطوط الكهربائية التى تشع مجالات كهرومغناطيسية التي قد تترك أثرا صحيا سيئا لمتعرضيها. فى هذه الورقة يتم إلقاء الضؤ علي مشكلة التعرض للمجالات الكهرومغناطيسية بالوسط المحيط متضمنا عرض تأثير التعرض لتلك المجالات بالمناطق الملوثة كهرومغناطيسيا علي صحة الإنسان وكذلك أهم مصادر بالوسط المحيط بنا ملوثات البيئة كهرومغناطيسيا. كما يتم دراسة ومناقشة النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها بإجراء بعض القياسات لقيم المجالات المغناطيسية المنبعثة من مصادر التلوث الكهرومغناطيسي بالوسط المحيط بنا لتقنين وتحديد درجة التلوث. كما يتم مقارنة لنتائج بالمناطق الملوثة كهرومغناطيسيا بالقيم المرجعية للمجال المغناطيسى المسموح بها حتى يمكن تقييمها ومعرفة ما إذا كانت قيما آمنة للإقامة والعمل الدائمين أم غير آمنة. كما يتم وضع بعض الاقتراحات والتوصيات التى تتعلق بالتصدى لهذه الظاهرة والتى تخص التلوث الكهرومغناطيسي الناتج من استخدامنا للكهرباء.

Some estimate that what is happening now from the technological revolutions, scientific and medical than all that has happened in human history as a whole. The developments, especially the technological revolution, technical and entailed the development of instruments and equipment, medical diagnostic, therapeutic and restorative to the human body and the large number of patients, requires radical changes in treatment policies which led to the twinning of Engineering Sciences and Biomedical Sciences vantage about the so-called educational institutions university of Biomedical Engineering. The Biomedical Engineering of the most important requirements of the technical and human development, where a generation of graduate manpower as assistants to doctors and medical institutions, engineering and other labor market institutions. The design of programs of higher education specialty medical engineering vital to ensure the existence of an appropriate mechanism to provide the manpower of the output from this type of education required by the labor market, the level of decent, it is necessary and frequently, can only be achieved by examining all of the needs of the labor market disciplines Biomedical Engineering and the requirements of professional skills and study the effect of each on the education programs of Biomedical Engineering, as well as the current reflection on the training of students before and after graduation. In this study, the requirements of the labor market study of graduates of higher education specialization Biomedical Engineering to reach the extent of need for this type of graduates and thus open the Department of Biomedical Engineering. It is studied also design courses for specialization of Biomedical Engineering and its plan of study and emphasize the link between the content of this program on the one hand and the needs of the labor market of a strong human being, and that bridge the gap between the outputs of this type of education and labor market requirements as a requirement of the requirements of current and future development, and become outputs specialization of Biomedical Engineering is qualified and able to compete n the arena of the labor market in this day and age. As the foundation for a design specialization of Biomedical Engineering that is tailored to the requirements of the labor market and that meets the needs of technological progress and contributes significantly to support the quality of higher education.

The present work discusses the effect of magnetic field on the friction and wear of steel scratched by TiC insert. The steel was lubricated by oil and dispersed by iron, copper and aluminium powders as well as polymeric powders such as high density polyethylene (PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyamide (PA6). Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and graphite (C) were added to the oil as dispersant. Paraffin oil was used as lubricant. Friction coefficient and wear of the tested composites were investigated using a tribometer designed and manufactured for that purpose. It was found that application of induction magnetic field decreased friction coefficient. The decrease was significant for oil lubricated steel and oil dispersed by aluminium, copper, PMMA and PA6 + 10 wt. % C, while addition of iron, PE and MoS2 particles showed slight friction decrease. At no magnetic field friction coefficient for oil dispersed by aluminium and copper particles showed values lower than that observed for oil dispersed by iron particles. The lowest values of friction coefficient were displayed by oil dispersed by PE particles. Magnetic field caused significant wear increase for oil lubricated steel, where aluminium, copper and PA6 + C particles displayed relatively higher wear, while addition of iron, PE, PMMA and MoS2 particles showed slight wear increase. At no magnetic field wear decreased due to the action of aluminium particles which formed a continuous layer on the steel surface and consequently decreased wear. Wear of oil lubricated steel dispersed by PE particles displayed relatively low values. Magnetic field showed no significant change on wear of the steel surface.

The present work discusses the influence of magnetic field on the friction and wear of polyethylene as bearing materials scratched by steel insert in the presence of different oil. Tests were carried out at oil lubricated surfaces. Paraffin, Fenugreek, Camphor, Cress, Olive, Almonds, Sesame, Aniseed and Habet El-Baraka oils were used as lubricants. The friction coefficient and wear of the tested composites were investigated using a tribometer designed and manufactured for that purpose. It was found that, at no magnetic field, friction coefficient increased with increasing applied load. The maximum value of friction coefficient was displayed in the presence of paraffinic oil, while the minimum values were displayed by olive and Habet El Baraka oils. As the magnetic field of 0.2 mG flux intensity was applied on the sliding surface significant friction decrease was observed. The rank of the tested oils as friction reducer was Olive, Camphor, Aniseed, Habet El Baraka, Fenugreek, Cress, Sesame, Almond and Paraffin. Camphor oil was much influenced by the application of the magnetic field. Increasing the flux intensity of magnetic field to 0.3 mG was accompanied by further decrease of friction coefficient. Wear of the polyethylene lubricated by the tested oil increased with increasing applied load. In the presence of Almonds oil on the sliding surfaces wear displayed the lowest values, while Olive oil displayed the highest wear. Application of the magnetic field significantly decreased wear. The best wear resistance was displayed by Aniseed and Fenugreek oils, while Paraffin and Almonds oils displayed the highest wear values.

The present work investigates the influence of magnetic field on the friction coefficient displayed by the sliding of steel pin on aluminium disc lubricated by paraffin oil and dispersed by different lubricant additives such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP), molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), heteropolar organic based additive (CMOC), graphite (C), detergent additive (calcium sulphonate) (DA), polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Aluminium was used as friction counterface to reduce the magnetic force acting on the contact surfaces when the magnetic field was applying. The present experiments showed that, for surfaces lubricated by paraffin oils free of additives friction coefficient increased with increasing applied load. As the magnetic field increased friction coefficient increased. In condition of application of magnetic field it was found that when the paraffin oil was dispersed by ZDDP, MoS2, DA and PTFE friction coefficient increased, while COMC, C and PMMA showed significant decrease in friction coefficient. Besides, the lowest values of friction coefficient were observed for PTFE particles dispersed in the oil.

إن استخدام المعدات والأجهزة الكهربائية بالمنازل والمعامل والمختبرات والمكاتب وآافة أماآن العمل التى تشع مجالات آهرومغناطيسية يؤدي الي ارتفاع درجة التلوث الكهرومغناطيسي بتلك الأماآن مما يجعل مستخدميها أآثر تعرضا لتلك المجالات وبقيم عالية ولفترات ليست بالقصيرة مما يؤثر سلبا علي صحتهم. آما أن التوصيلات الكهربائية المنفذة بطريقة غير سليمة بالمنشآت المختلفة يصاحبها أيضا زيادة في قيمة المجالات الكهرومغناطيسية المنبعثة مما يؤدي الي ارتفاع درحة التلوث الكهرومغناطيسي واتساع مناطق التلوث. ومن ناحية أخري فإن النمو المتزايد للمدن والمجتمعات أدى إلى ظهور مجتمعات جديدة والي الزحف تجاه خطوط نقل وتوزيع الطاقة الكهربائية فأصبحت المبانى التجارية والسكنية والحدائق والمنتزهات والملاعب قريبة جدا من تلك الخطوط الكهربائية التى تشع مجالات آهرومغناطيسية التي قد تترك أثرا صحيا سيئا لمتعرضيها. فى هذه الورقة يتم إلقاء الضؤ علي مشكلة التعرض للمجالات الكهرومغناطيسية بالوسط المحيط متضمنا عرض تأثير التعرض لتلك المجالات بالمناطق الملوثة آهرومغناطيسيا علي صحة الإنسان وآذلك أهم مصادر بالوسط المحيط بنا ملوثات البيئة آهرومغناطيسيا. آما يتم دراسة ومناقشة النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها بإجراء بعض القياسات لقيم المجالات المغناطيسية المنبعثة من مصادر التلوث الكهرومغناطيسي بالوسط المحيط بنا لتقنين وتحديد درجة التلوث. آما يتم مقارنة النتائج بالمناطق الملوثة آهرومغناطيسيا بالقيم المرجعية للمجال المغناطيسى المسموح بها حتى يمكن تقييمها ومعرفة ما إذا آانت قيما آمنة للإقامة والعمل الدائمين أم غير آمنة. آما يتم وضع بعض الاقتراحات والتوصيات التى تتعلق بالتصدى لهذه الظاهرة والتى تخص التلوث الكهرومغناطيسي الناتج من استخدامنا للكهرباء

The present work discusses the friction and wear of polyethylene as bearing materials scratched by steel insert in the presence of magnetic field. Tests were carried out at dry and oil lubricated surfaces. Paraffin, fenugreek, camphor, cress and Habet El-Baraka oils were used as lubricants. The friction coefficient and wear of the tested composites were nvestigated using a tribometer designed and manufactured for that purpose. It was found that, at dry sliding, friction coefficient displayed the highest values, where a value of 1.5 was approached. Application of magnetic field on the sliding surface caused significant friction decrease. As the intensity of the magnetic field increases, friction coefficient decreased. Wear of polyethylene increased with increasing applied load, and significantly increased under the application of the magnetic field. Lubricating the sliding surface by paraffin oil significantly decreased friction coefficient, while magnetic field significantly decreased friction and increased wear. Friction coefficient displayed by fenugreek oil represented relatively higher values indicating the weak lubricating properties of that oil. As the magnetic field was applied, friction coefficient decreased. Wear in the presence of magnetic field significantly decreased. Camphor oil displayed relatively lower friction and wear values than that observed for fenugreek oil. Application of magnetic field on the sliding surface caused significant friction and wear reduction. Besides, friction coefficient and wear displayed by cress oil decreased as a result of the magnetic field. Finally, Habit El-Baraka oil displayed the lowest values of friction coefficient among the tested oils. The wear resistance observed was quite good.

Grounding grid performance can be measured in terms of grounding resistance, but it is preferable to include the distribution of surface potential and, subsequently, the touch and step voltages over the area above the substation ground grid and beyond. Two methods are used in this paper to compute the grounding resistance (Rg) and the earth surface potential (ESP) due to discharging current into grounding grids. The first one is the charge (current) simulation method (CSM) and the other is the boundary element method (BEM). For BEM, commercial software TOTBEM by university of La Cournia, Spain is used for computing ESP and Rg. The owned FORTRAN code is provided to calculate the ESP and Rg. The soil is assumed to multilayer soil. The paper focuses the comparison between these two methods for calculating ESP and Rg. In case of grounding resistance, a comparison between the two methods results and IEEE Standard formula is presented.