Herein, the design of nanocomposite (NC) formulations that consist of metal enzyme cofactors, highly conductive carbon materials, DIET activators, to boost AD biogas production from anaerobically incubated cattle manure are investigated and discussed. Three different NC formulations were designed and synthesized: zinc ferrite (ZnFe), ZnFe with 10% carbon nanotubes (ZFCNTs), and zinc ferrite with 10% C76 fullerene (ZFC76). The structure and morphology of the nano-additives were investigated via x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). NCs were supplemented to lab-scale biodigesters containing organic slurry. Biogas production was monitored daily and compared to blank biodigesters for 50 days. The maximum methane enhancement was obtained for ZnFe, which promoted methane production to 185.3%. ZFCNTs and ZFC76 showed a positive impact on the hydraulic retention time and enhanced methane production to 162% and 145.9%, respectively compared to the blank reactors.

Biogas combustion is a very essential topic for the development of many industrial combustion systems and engines. This fuel can replace current fossil fuels used in burners, engines, and many other applications. Understanding the combustion characteristics of this fuel and its stability in highly turbulent flames of practical interest is the aim of this work. The percentage of CO2 in Biogas varies between 25% and 45%, which affects the combustion stability and flame structure. The present work shows that the generation of Biogas is improved by adding Ni-Co-Ferrite or Ni-ferrite nano-additives. In this work, we selected 25 flames of mixtures of natural gas and CO2, where the ratio of CO2 varies from 0% to 40%. The flames are generated in a concentric flow slot burner that produces planar two-dimensional flames. The stability characteristics and the flame structure were investigated. The flame structure is presented in …

Biogas combustion is a very essential topic for the development of many industrial combustion systems and engines. This fuel can replace current fossil fuels used in burners, engines, and many other applications. Understanding the combustion characteristics of this fuel and its stability in highly turbulent flames of practical interest is the aim of this work. The percentage of CO2 in Biogas varies between 25% and 45%, which affects the combustion stability and flame structure. The present work shows that the generation of Biogas is improved by adding Ni-Co-Ferrite or Ni-ferrite nano-additives. In this work, we selected 25 flames of mixtures of natural gas and CO2, where the ratio of CO2 varies from 0% to 40%. The flames are generated in a concentric flow slot burner that produces planar two-dimensional flames. The stability characteristics and the flame structure were investigated. The flame structure is presented in …

Biogas combustion is a very essential topic for the development of many industrial combustion systems and engines. This fuel can replace current fossil fuels used in burners, engines, and many other pplications. Understanding the combustion characteristics of this fuel and its stability in highly turbulent flames of practical interest is the aim of this work. The percentage of CO2 in Biogas varies between 25% and 45%, which affects the combustion stability and flame structure. The present work shows that the generation of Biogas is improved by adding Ni-Co-Ferrite or Ni-ferrite nano-additives. In this work, we selected 25 flames of mixtures of natural gas and CO2, where the ratio of CO2 varies from 0% to 40%. The flames are generated in a concentric flow slot burner that produces planar two-dimensional flames. The stability characteristics and the flame structure were investigated. The flame structure is presented in the form of temperature profiles in some selected flames using fine wire thermocouple measurements. The stability characteristics are illustrated for two limits of lifted flames and blow out. The production rate of Biogas can be increased by almost 30% using nano-additives of Ni-CoFerrite or Ni-ferrite. The data show that the stability of the flames is affected significantly for the 40% CO2 mixture. Therefore, it is recommended to keep CO2 percentage up to 30% for stable turbulent Biogas flames. On the other hand, partially premixed flames are highly stable for a certain level of mixture inhomogeneity at a mixing length ratio of L/D = 16. At this level, the mixture fraction fluctuations are expected to be within the flammability limits range based on previous investigations in round jet configuration.

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Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system is one of the commonly used techniques by the end-users to mitigate the voltage sag at their premises from the distribution system. The SMES is a superconductor coil wound on a nonmagnetic core. The paper is aimed at optimizing the dimensions of the coil to achieve minimum coil loss. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to minimize the coil loss as a multi-objective function with indices including AC loss and refrigeration loss. The results show that the optimal total loss of SMES coil at capacity energy of 4 MJ is 85.04 W against 114.5 W in a previous work. The corresponding optimal dimensions of the coil which include the inner diameter, outer diameter and coil length are 0.19, 0.2 and 2.17 m, respectively. Different low-temperature superconductivity coil materials at operating temperature of 4.2 oK are considered to select the best material with minimum coil loss. The results conclude that Nb–Ti material achieves minimum coil loss when compared with MgB2 and YBCO. The effect of the twist pitch and circumferential stress on the total losses in the SMES coil is studied.

Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system is one of the commonly used techniques by the end-users to mitigate the voltage sag at their premises from the distribution system. The SMES is a superconductor coil wound on a nonmagnetic core. The paper is aimed at optimizing the dimensions of the coil to achieve minimum coil loss. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to minimize the coil loss as a multi-objective function with indices including AC loss and refrigeration loss. The results show that the optimal total loss of SMES coil at capacity energy of 4 MJ is 85.04 W against 114.5 W in a previous work. The corresponding optimal dimensions of the coil which include the inner diameter, outer diameter and coil length are 0.19, 0.2 and 2.17 m, respectively. Different low-temperature superconductivity coil materials at operating temperature of 4.2 oK are considered to select the best material with minimum coil loss. The results conclude that Nb–Ti material achieves minimum coil loss when compared with MgB2 and YBCO. The effect of the twist pitch and circumferential stress on the total losses in the SMES coil is studied.

Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system is one of the commonly used technique by the end users to mitigate the voltage sag at their premises from the distribution system. The SMES is a superconductor coil wound on a nonmagnetic core. Contribution of refrigeration and AC loss in total SMES coil loss at different output power rating is investigated. Different Low Temperature Superconductivity (LTS) coil materials at operating temperature of 4oK are considered to select the best material with minimum coil loss. The results concluded that Nb–Ti material achieved minimum coil loss when compared with MgB2 and YBCO.

Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system is one of the commonly used technique by the end users to mitigate the voltage sag at their premises from the distribution system. The SMES is a superconductor coil wound on a nonmagnetic core. Contribution of refrigeration and AC loss in total SMES coil loss at different output power rating is investigated. Different Low Temperature Superconductivity (LTS) coil materials at operating temperature of 4oK are considered to select the best material with minimum coil loss. The results concluded that Nb–Ti material achieved minimum coil loss when compared with MgB2 and YBCO.