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Members of family Acanthamoebidae and Vahlkampfiidae are amphizoic, occurring as human parasite causing many diseases. This study was aims to evaluate the efficacy of ellagic acid (EA) to ameloriate the histological changes in cornea and the changes in oxidative stress markers in different organs of rats infected with Allovahlkampfia spelaea. Thirty rats were intraocular infected with trophozites of A. spelaea. Fourteen days later, rats divided into four groups, treated with chlorhexidine (CHX), EA, EA plus CHX, and lubricant eye drops for 14 days, respectively. All eyes were examined clinically then rats were killed and their corneas, brain, liver, ling, kidney and spleen were excised and used for histological and biochemicals evaluation. Eyes from A. spelaea infected rats showed corneal ulcer with disruption of corneal layer, congestion and infilteration of the inflammatory cell in stromal layer. However, the cornea of CHX, EA, and the combination of CHX and EA treated rats showed hyperplasia in the epithelial layer of cornea, hyperplasia in the epithelial layer of cornea with stromal vascularization and epithelial hyperplasia, stromal vascularization with fibroblast cell activation, respectively. The activity of acetylchoinestase in the brain and the markers of oxidative stress in the brain, lung, liver, kidney and spleen were altered in infected rats with A. spelaea and restored by treatment with CHX, EA, or the combination of CHX and EA. In conclusion infection with A. spelaea induced keratitis and biochemical changes in organs of rats, these changes were ameloriated by the treatment with CHX or EA or the combination of both with the priority of the later one.

Members of family Acanthamoebidae and Vahlkampfiidae are amphizoic, occurring as human parasite causing many diseases. This study was aims to evaluate the efficacy of ellagic acid (EA) to ameloriate the histological changes in cornea and the changes in oxidative stress markers in different organs of rats infected with Allovahlkampfia spelaea. Thirty rats were intraocular infected with trophozites of A. spelaea. Fourteen days later, rats divided into four groups, treated with chlorhexidine (CHX), EA, EA plus CHX, and lubricant eye drops for 14 days, respectively. All eyes were examined clinically then rats were killed and their corneas, brain, liver, ling, kidney and spleen were excised and used for histological and biochemicals evaluation. Eyes from A. spelaea infected rats showed corneal ulcer with disruption of corneal layer, congestion and infilteration of the inflammatory cell in stromal layer. However, the cornea of CHX, EA, and the combination of CHX and EA treated rats showed hyperplasia in the epithelial layer of cornea, hyperplasia in the epithelial layer of cornea with stromal vascularization and epithelial hyperplasia, stromal vascularization with fibroblast cell activation, respectively. The activity of acetylchoinestase in the brain and the markers of oxidative stress in the brain, lung, liver, kidney and spleen were altered in infected rats with A. spelaea and restored by treatment with CHX, EA, or the combination of CHX and EA. In conclusion infection with A. spelaea induced keratitis and biochemical changes in organs of rats, these changes were ameloriated by the treatment with CHX or EA or the combination of both with the priority of the later one.

Abstract. Klebsiella became an increasingly important source of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. Extensive broad-spectrum utilization of antibiotics in hospitalized patients has contributed to both increased carriages of Klebsiella and the development of multidrug-resistant strains. Many of these strains are extremely virulent and show a strong tendency to spread. Bacteriophages, viruses that because bacterial lysis can serve as a useful tool for Klebsiella infection control. In this study, two lytic phages designated as ØKPAS1 and ØKPAS2 infecting multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae were isolated from sewage samples collected in Assiut, Egypt. Using transmission electron microscopy, the morphology of isolated phages was characterized, and their host range was determined. The morphological analysis revealed that both phages belong to the Podoviridae family. ØKPAS1 has ahead of about 50 ± 5 nm in diameter and a short tail of 20 ± 2 nm in length, while ØKPAS2 has ahead of about 53 ± 5 nm in diameter with a short tail of 19 ± 2 nm in length. ØKPAS1 phage showed a broader host range within genus Klebsiella since it was able to lyse 8 out of 15 different Klebsiella cultures while ØKPAS2 was able to lyse only 5 out of 15. Both phages could not infect bacteria from other genera such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The isolated phage ØKPAS1 was able to survive at a temperature up to 50 ᵒC and was infective in pH range between 4.0-9.0, while ØKPAS2 was able to survive at a temperature up to 60 ᵒC and was stable over the pH range of 4,0 to10,0. Both phages were stable in chloroform. One-step growth curves of ØKPAS1 and ØKPAS2 revealed that the latent period was 10 min for either phage, with burst sizes of about 120 and 245 pfu/ml for ØKPAS1 and ØKPAS2, respectively.

A novel MnO2 nanoparticles/chitosan-modified pencil graphite electrode (MnO2 NPs/CS/PGE) was constructed using two different MnO2 polymorphs (g-MnO2 and 3-MnO2 nanoparticles). X-ray single phases of these two polymorphs were obtained by the comproportionation reaction between MnCl2 and KMnO4 (molar ratio of 5 : 1). The temperature of this reaction is the key factor governing the formation of the two polymorphs. Their structures were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)was employed to investigate the morphological shape of MnO2 NPs and the surface of the bare and modified electrodes. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)were used for surface analysis of the modified electrodes. Compared to bare PGE, MnO2 NPs/CS/PGE shows higher effective surface area and excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of the standard K3[Fe(CN)6]. The influence of different suspending solvents on the electrocatalytic activity of MnO2 was studied in detail. It was found that tetrahydrofuran (THF) is the optimum suspending solvent regarding the peak current signal and electrode kinetics. The results reveal that the modified g-MnO2/ CS/PGE is the most sensitive one compared to the other modified electrodes under investigation. The modified g-MnO2/CS/PGE was applied for selective and sensitive determination of FUR. Under the optimized experimental conditions, g-MnO2/CS/PGE provides a linear response over the concentration range of 0.05 to 4.20 mmol L-1 FUR with a low limit of detection, which was found to be 4.44 nmol L-1 (1.47 ng mL-1) for the 1st peak and 3.88 nmol L-1 (1.28 ng mL-1) for the 2nd one. The fabricated sensor exhibits a good reproducibility and selectivity and was applied successfully for the determination of FUR in its dosage forms and in spiked urine samples with good accuracy and precision.

A novel MnO2 nanoparticles/chitosan-modified pencil graphite electrode (MnO2 NPs/CS/PGE) was constructed using two different MnO2 polymorphs (g-MnO2 and 3-MnO2 nanoparticles). X-ray single phases of these two polymorphs were obtained by the comproportionation reaction between MnCl2 and KMnO4 (molar ratio of 5 : 1). The temperature of this reaction is the key factor governing the formation of the two polymorphs. Their structures were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)was employed to investigate the morphological shape of MnO2 NPs and the surface of the bare and modified electrodes. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)were used for surface analysis of the modified electrodes. Compared to bare PGE, MnO2 NPs/CS/PGE shows higher effective surface area and excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of the standard K3[Fe(CN)6]. The influence of different suspending solvents on the electrocatalytic activity of MnO2 was studied in detail. It was found that tetrahydrofuran (THF) is the optimum suspending solvent regarding the peak current signal and electrode kinetics. The results reveal that the modified g-MnO2/ CS/PGE is the most sensitive one compared to the other modified electrodes under investigation. The modified g-MnO2/CS/PGE was applied for selective and sensitive determination of FUR. Under the optimized experimental conditions, g-MnO2/CS/PGE provides a linear response over the concentration range of 0.05 to 4.20 mmol L-1 FUR with a low limit of detection, which was found to be 4.44 nmol L-1 (1.47 ng mL-1) for the 1st peak and 3.88 nmol L-1 (1.28 ng mL-1) for the 2nd one. The fabricated sensor exhibits a good reproducibility and selectivity and was applied successfully for the determination of FUR in its dosage forms and in spiked urine samples with good accuracy and precision.

Abstract : Due to the association of noise pollution and Psychological and physiological diseases, the main aim of this work is to determine the effects of mobile phone radiation on memory of the different ages male rats. In our study male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 (control and exposed receiving) groups of 10 rats in each. Memory level was measured in animals using Eight arm Maze and passive avoidance tests. Data were statistically analyzed and compared between groups using ANOVA and T-Test. The results indicate that memory level was decreased in rats exposed to mobile phone radiation compared to control rats.