Intercropping system has been reported to enhance quality and yield obtained per unit area.Therefore,the current study was carried out to assess the impact of intercropping of Zucchini or broad beans with strawberry and also, intercropping (IC) Zucchini with broad beans on growth, quality, yield and the economic viability of the studied crops in the mixed IC, compared to the mono-cropping of these crops. A field experiment was carried out during 2017- 2018 and 2018-2019 . According to results of this study, intercropping of strawberry with broad beans achieved significantly the highest levels of anthocyanin content in strawberry fruits compared to the other treatments in both seasons. Maximum yield of strawberry crop was obtained from sole cropping as well as that obtained from strawberry-broad beans intercropping. Intercropping of Zucchini with broad beans resulted in significantly higher yields of both crops as compared with their sole cropping. Yield of broad bean and Zucchini increased by 18.1% and 26.9 % respectively as compared with their sole cropping which indicate yielding efficiency enhancement as a result of intercropping. Land equivalent ratio (LER) of strawberry- Zucchini intercropping was, on average1.2 for both years. Whereas, with regard to strawberry-broad beans intercropping was, on average for1.3 for both years, while it was 2.45 when Intercropping Zucchini with broad bean. Intercropping Zucchini with broad bean gave the highest relative yield for both of them compared with the other treatments and also, the highest monetary advantage index (MAI)

In the present investigation, effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) used as foliar application (0, 10, 20 mM) was studied on morphological, yield, and quality of lettuce (Romaine and Green Waves cultivars) during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons. Our results indicated that, foliar spray of calcium chloride either at 10 or 20 mM significantly increased vegetative growth and yield parameters i.e., leaf number per plant, fresh and dry leaf weight compared to control treatment. Also, foliar spray of calcium chloride resulted in a significant increase in yield and quality parameters i.e., TSS, chlorophyll content and Vitamin C. ‘Romaine’ cultivar was significantly superior to ‘Green Waves’ cvs in plant height, fresh and dry weight of the leaves, TSS and chlorophyll content. However, there was no significant difference in vitamin C content between the two tested cultivars. ‘Green waves’ cv. sprayed with 20 mM CaCl2 gave the highest significant leaf number per plant. Fresh and dry leaf weight of ‘Romaine’cv recorded the highest values when the plants were sprayed with 20 mM CaCl2 in both seasons., In the first season, ‘Romaine’cv sprayed with 20 mM of CaCl2 produced the highest total yield, while the highest total yield in the second season was obtained from plants of both tested cvs sprayed with 20 mM CaCl2. ‘Romaine’ cultivar treated with 20 mM of calcium chloride as foliar application had the highest TSS and chlorophyll content. Fascinatingly, high association existed between total yield and all studied traits, except leaf number per plant. Overall results suggest applying calcium chloride as foliar application at 20 mM for improving yield quantity and quality in both ‘Romaine’ and ‘Green Waves’ cultivars.

The current study was performed at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons in order to evaluate response of onion cv. Giza 6 to some organic fertilizers, i.e., cattle manure and poultry manure in addition to mineral fertilizers as control treatment. The results obtained showed that the vegetative growth characters and yield components of onion plants were significantly influenced by fertilizers kinds. Combination of poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers and 25% of mineral fertilizers recorded the highest values for both vegetative growth characters and yield components, i.e., plant height, leaves number, plant fresh and dry weight, crop growth rate, bulb fresh weight, bulb diameter, bulb dry matter, marketable yield and total yield in a comparison to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons. While, the content of chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids, N, P and K in onion leaves and vitamin C, sulfur volatile oil and TSS in onion bulb were increased significantly by application of poultry manure at 25% of recommended fertilizers plus 75% of mineral fertilizers compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons. It can be concluded that application of poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers plus 25% of mineral fertilizers increased growth , yield and improved bulb quality of onion plants cv. Giza 6 under the New Valley Governorate conditions

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid treatments on growth, yield and quality of lettuce plants cv “Big Bell” that grown under water deficit stress. A field experiment was carried out during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt. Drought was induced by withholding watering for 15 days after salicylic acid (SA) application exactly at 20 and 30 days after trasplanting. Five treatments were utilized. These were water-stressed +100 ppm of SA, water-stressed +200 ppm of SA, water-stressed +300 ppm of SA foliar spray, water-stressed only, and the fifth group served as control. Results indicated that water stress adversely affected growth and productivity parameters of lettuce cultivar “Big Bell”. Water stressed plants at earlier stage of growth (20 day stage) were more inhibitory as compared with the plants at the age of 30. Generally, foliar spraying with salicylic acid significantly protected against the stress and increased root length, root weight, fresh head weight, head diameter, photosynthetic pigments compared to treatment that under water deficit. However, proline content increased under drought as well as under SA treatments. Spraying of salicylic acid at 200 ppm at the age of 30 was the most effective treatment that causing significant increase in yield by18.31% and 26.9% relative to control treatment in the first and second seasons, respectively. Application with salicylic acid increases drought tolerance and avoids the deleterious effect of water stress.

A field experiment was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2017/18 and 2018/19. The aims of the experiment were to investigate the effect of different planting arrangement patterns: T1 (3 pea: 1 lettuce), T2 (2 pea: 1 lettuce), T3 (1 pea:1 lettuce), T4 (side pea: side lettuce) in addition to sole lettuce and sole pea (control) treatments regarding the growth, yield, and nutritional quality, along with the financial aspects of applying intercropping systems for lettuce and pea productivity. The obtained results revealed that, intercropping lettuce with pea was more effective than planting pea crop alone, as it increased the lettuce yield by 12.2%-37.7% and 27.7%- 60 % in the first and second seasons respectively according to the intercropping system applied. All intercropping treatments except for T4 (side pea: side lettuce) treatment reduced the pea yield. The highest pea yields were produced by both sole pea andT4 treatments, while the lowest pea yield was form T3, in both seasons. T3 treatment depressed pea pod yield to 60% of its mono-cropped yield. On the other hand, T1 and T2 treatments produced the highest yield for lettuce in both seasons. Intercropping lettuce with pea, led to an improvement in the protein percentage in pea. LER of pea/lettuce intercropping treatments were more than unit. Moreover, the highest values for both LER and MAI obtained fromT1 treatment. Calculated “aggressiveness” suggested that all secondary crop treatments were more dominant than pea in all intercropping treatments. The intercropping system of 3pea:1 lettuce could be a gainful system to obtain the greatest efficiency of land

The study was conducted to investigate the influence of seaweed extract, chelated manganese, and two other chemical substances that are known as Agro promotor1(substance No.48) and Agro promotor2 (substance No.50) on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower. Results revealed that yield and its components increased with using each seaweed extract(3ml/l), chelated manganese (12%) at a concentration of 0.25g/l, and Agro promotor1 (substance No.48) at a concentration of 3 ml/l compared with control (untreated) treatment. Using both seaweed and chelated manganese treatments exceeded other foliar spraying treatments and caused a significant increase in fresh weight of the whole plant, leaves fresh weight,leaves dry weight percent, yield, TSS and vitamin C. The increase in total yield ranged from 12.8-48.2% by using the previous treatments as compared with control. Also, foliar sprays of seaweed extracts led to the earliness in cauliflower production as compared with the control. This study recommends using seaweed extract at a concentration of 3ml/l or chelated manganese (12%) at a concentration of (0.25g/l) for cauliflower production. Agro promotor1 (substance No.48) at a concentration of 3 ml/l can be applied in case of unavailability of seaweed extract or chelated manganese (12%).

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of okra sowing date and variety on growth and yield at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, during 2011 and 2012seasons. Two sowing dates i.e. April 15 and May 15 and five varieties i.e. BaladyAssiut, BaladyQena, Emerald, Golden Coast and PusaSawani were studied. From the results it was noticed that the fruit number and fruit yield significantly affected by sowing date and variety. In case of sowing on 15thApril, the heighest fruits yield was (8.577 and 8.146 ton/feddan) in both seasons. However 15th May sowing date produced the lowest fruits yield (4.227 and 4.005ton/ feddan). PusaSawani cv produced the highest yield of okra in two sowing dates (12.341, 6.632 and 11.904, 6.365 ton/feddan) in both seasons, respectively. Determination of optimum sowing date is considered an important to have optimum yields. Results shown that varities, Golden Coast and PusaSawani produced higher fruits yield on 15th May than BaladyQena cv sown on 15th April. The interaction between varieties and sowing date was significant in both seasons for plant height, number and weight of green pods/plant and total green yield/fed.