Abstract: Five genotypes of garlic (Allium sativum L.), namely Balady (G1), Chinese (G2), Sids-40 (G3), Egaseed-1 (G4) and Egaseed-2 (G5) were used for assessing tissue culture response, genetic variability and polymorphism amongst which and to identify molecular markers associated with tissue culture response using ISSR and SRAP techniques. Significant differences were found among the five genotypes, the concentration of growth regulators as well as the interaction between them for all measured tissue culture traits. The Euclidean-distance dendrogram using tissue culture data separated the five garlic genotypes into two clusters; the first cluster comprised the highly responsive genotypes (G1, G2 and G3) while the less responsive genotypes (G4 and G5) grouped together in the second cluster. Using two molecular marker systems (ISSR and SRAP), a total of 191 fragments were amplified from the five garlic genotypes and 107 (56.61%) of them were polymorphic. The dendrogram generated based on combined ISSR and SRAP data showed two main clusters, the first comprised of one genotype (G2) which had the highest mean values for three tissue culture traits on all concentra-tions of growth regulators, while the second comprised the four other garlic genotypes (G1, G3, G4 and G5) which were the less responsive. Highly significant positive corre-lation (r = 0.595: p = 0.001) was found between the data of the tested molecular markers and tissue culture response. Thirteen DNA fragments were found to be positive molecular genetic markers for tissue culture response in garlic genotypes. The investigation demonstrated that ISSR and SRAP analyses showed considerable potential for variety identification and discrimination and could be useful for tissue culture response in garlic.

Abstract: Five genotypes of garlic (Allium sativum L.), namely Balady (G1), Chinese (G2), Sids-40 (G3), Egaseed-1 (G4) and Egaseed-2 (G5) were used for assessing tissue culture response, genetic variability and polymorphism amongst which and to identify molecular markers associated with tissue culture response using ISSR and SRAP techniques. Significant differences were found among the five genotypes, the concentration of growth regulators as well as the interaction between them for all measured tissue culture traits. The Euclidean-distance dendrogram using tissue culture data separated the five garlic genotypes into two clusters; the first cluster comprised the highly responsive genotypes (G1, G2 and G3) while the less responsive genotypes (G4 and G5) grouped together in the second cluster. Using two molecular marker systems (ISSR and SRAP), a total of 191 fragments were amplified from the five garlic genotypes and 107 (56.61%) of them were polymorphic. The dendrogram generated based on combined ISSR and SRAP data showed two main clusters, the first comprised of one genotype (G2) which had the highest mean values for three tissue culture traits on all concentra-tions of growth regulators, while the second comprised the four other garlic genotypes (G1, G3, G4 and G5) which were the less responsive. Highly significant positive corre-lation (r = 0.595: p = 0.001) was found between the data of the tested molecular markers and tissue culture response. Thirteen DNA fragments were found to be positive molecular genetic markers for tissue culture response in garlic genotypes. The investigation demonstrated that ISSR and SRAP analyses showed considerable potential for variety identification and discrimination and could be useful for tissue culture response in garlic.

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Abstract: Cowpea is one of the most important protein rich legumes worldwide. This study used the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays to reveal the positive and negative DNA markers in seven cultivars of cowpea,which could use for cultivars identification and discrimination, for future breeding programs and derivation of novel genotypes. Also, to evaluate the proportion of genetic relationship among the cultivars by detecting the genetic polymorphism at molecular level and correlate the obtained results with some morphological traits and source of cultivars. RAPD Results showed that a total number of 56 DNA fragments were amplified, ranged in size between 1637 bp and 163 bp, while the total polymorphic bands number was 45 and the percentage of polymorphism was 80.3 %. Five cultivars (Cream-12, Chinese red, Blackeye crowder, Brown crowder, and Cream-7) appeared to have whether positive or negative markers with different molecular weight, while Azmerly and Dokki-331 cultivars did not produce any specific bands. The dendrogram of RAPD data showed that the 7 cultivars of cowpea were grouped in 6 clusters based on genetic similarities; the highest value of similarity was 86.6 % between Azmerly and Dokki-331, while the lowest was between Cream-12 and Blackeye crowder with a value of 54.2 %. The obtained results suggest that RAPD markers were better linked to the source of the cultivar and to the extent of seed crowding in pod trait, while the seed colour and the growth habit traits might or might not show correlation with the molecular data.

Abstract: Cowpea is one of the most important protein rich legumes worldwide. This study used the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays to reveal the positive and negative DNA markers in seven cultivars of cowpea,which could use for cultivars identification and discrimination, for future breeding programs and derivation of novel genotypes. Also, to evaluate the proportion of genetic relationship among the cultivars by detecting the genetic polymorphism at molecular level and correlate the obtained results with some morphological traits and source of cultivars. RAPD Results showed that a total number of 56 DNA fragments were amplified, ranged in size between 1637 bp and 163 bp, while the total polymorphic bands number was 45 and the percentage of polymorphism was 80.3 %. Five cultivars (Cream-12, Chinese red, Blackeye crowder, Brown crowder, and Cream-7) appeared to have whether positive or negative markers with different molecular weight, while Azmerly and Dokki-331 cultivars did not produce any specific bands. The dendrogram of RAPD data showed that the 7 cultivars of cowpea were grouped in 6 clusters based on genetic similarities; the highest value of similarity was 86.6 % between Azmerly and Dokki-331, while the lowest was between Cream-12 and Blackeye crowder with a value of 54.2 %. The obtained results suggest that RAPD markers were better linked to the source of the cultivar and to the extent of seed crowding in pod trait, while the seed colour and the growth habit traits might or might not show correlation with the molecular data.

Abstract: Cowpea is one of the most important protein rich legumes worldwide. This study used the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays to reveal the positive and negative DNA markers in seven cultivars of cowpea,which could use for cultivars identification and discrimination, for future breeding programs and derivation of novel genotypes. Also, to evaluate the proportion of genetic relationship among the cultivars by detecting the genetic polymorphism at molecular level and correlate the obtained results with some morphological traits and source of cultivars. RAPD Results showed that a total number of 56 DNA fragments were amplified, ranged in size between 1637 bp and 163 bp, while the total polymorphic bands number was 45 and the percentage of polymorphism was 80.3 %. Five cultivars (Cream-12, Chinese red, Blackeye crowder, Brown crowder, and Cream-7) appeared to have whether positive or negative markers with different molecular weight, while Azmerly and Dokki-331 cultivars did not produce any specific bands. The dendrogram of RAPD data showed that the 7 cultivars of cowpea were grouped in 6 clusters based on genetic similarities; the highest value of similarity was 86.6 % between Azmerly and Dokki-331, while the lowest was between Cream-12 and Blackeye crowder with a value of 54.2 %. The obtained results suggest that RAPD markers were better linked to the source of the cultivar and to the extent of seed crowding in pod trait, while the seed colour and the growth habit traits might or might not show correlation with the molecular data.