This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dry yeast (0.4 and 0.8%), salicylic acid (150 and 300 ppm) and ascorbic acid (150 and 300 ppm) as a spray application on black cumin plants to determine their effects on plant height, number of branches/plant, stem diameter, root length, capsule number/plant, capsules weight/plant, seed weights/plant, seed yield/fed, fixed oil percentage and oil yield/fed during both seasons. The highest concentration of each substance showed superiority in comparison with the lowest concentration of the same substance and the control. Salicylic acid at rate of 300 ppm showed significant increase in plant height, seed weight, seed yield and fixed oil yield. Meanwhile, Ascorbic acid at rate of 300 ppm presented significant increment in number of branches/plant, capsules number/plant, capsules weight and oil percentage. Dry yeast at rate 0.8% caused an increase in the root length which calculated at the first season as 17.15 cm and at the second season as 16.45 cm.

Globally, many crop production areas are threatened by drought and salinity. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is susceptible to these challenging environmental conditions. In this study, an in vitro approach was employed to compare the tolerance of potato cultivars ‘BARI-401’ (red skin) and ‘Spunta’ (yellow skin). To simulate ionic and osmotic stress, MS media was supplemented with lithium chloride (LiCl 20 mM) and mannitol (150 mM). GC-MS and spectrophotometry techniques were used to determine metabolite accumulation. Other biochemical properties, such as total phenols concentration (TPC), total flavonoids concentration (TFC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH free radical scavenging capacity), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities, were also measured. The two cultivars respond differently to ionic and osmotic stress treatments, with Spunta accumulating more defensive metabolites in response, indicating a higher level of tolerance. While further investigation of the physiological and biochemical responses of these varieties to drought and salinity is required, the approach taken in this paper provides useful information prior to open field evaluation.

The potential toxicity of five selected herbicides i.e. bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, haloxyfop-p-ethyl, pinoxaden, and tralkoxydim, and a pyrethriod insecticide deltamethrin was determined on the early 4th instar larvae (after 24, 48 and 72-h exposure) and pupae (after 24 and 48-h exposure) of Culex pipiens L. in the laboratory. As a result, deltamethrin was count as the most toxic compound on the early 4th instar larvae and pupae of Cx. pip- iens compared with all tested herbicides after exposure times. For the tested herbicides, pinoxaden was the most potent herbicide against both tested developmental stages fol- lowed by bispyribac-sodium and penoxsulam, which exhibited a moderate toxicity; while haloxyfop-p-ethyl and tralkoxydim were deemed to be the lowest toxic compounds among all tested pesticides after exposure times. In addition, the toxicity of all pesticides against larval and pupal stages of mosquito was increased gradually as exposure time increased especially after 72-h exposure for larvae and 48-h exposure for pupae. In conclusion, this is the first report on the side toxicity effects of haloxyfop-p-ethyl, tralkoxydim, penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium on immature stages (larvae and pupae) of Cx. pipiens mosquitos in Egypt.

The potential toxicity of five selected herbicides i.e. bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, haloxyfop-p-ethyl, pinoxaden, and tralkoxydim, and a pyrethriod insecticide deltamethrin was determined on the early 4th instar larvae (after 24, 48 and 72-h exposure) and pupae (after 24 and 48-h exposure) of Culex pipiens L. in the laboratory. As a result, deltamethrin was count as the most toxic compound on the early 4th instar larvae and pupae of Cx. pip- iens compared with all tested herbicides after exposure times. For the tested herbicides, pinoxaden was the most potent herbicide against both tested developmental stages fol- lowed by bispyribac-sodium and penoxsulam, which exhibited a moderate toxicity; while haloxyfop-p-ethyl and tralkoxydim were deemed to be the lowest toxic compounds among all tested pesticides after exposure times. In addition, the toxicity of all pesticides against larval and pupal stages of mosquito was increased gradually as exposure time increased especially after 72-h exposure for larvae and 48-h exposure for pupae. In conclusion, this is the first report on the side toxicity effects of haloxyfop-p-ethyl, tralkoxydim, penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium on immature stages (larvae and pupae) of Cx. pipiens mosquitos in Egypt.

The potential toxicity of five selected herbicides i.e. bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, haloxyfop-p-ethyl, pinoxaden, and tralkoxydim, and a pyrethriod insecticide deltamethrin was determined on the early 4th instar larvae (after 24, 48 and 72-h exposure) and pupae (after 24 and 48-h exposure) of Culex pipiens L. in the laboratory. As a result, deltamethrin was count as the most toxic compound on the early 4th instar larvae and pupae of Cx. pip- iens compared with all tested herbicides after exposure times. For the tested herbicides, pinoxaden was the most potent herbicide against both tested developmental stages fol- lowed by bispyribac-sodium and penoxsulam, which exhibited a moderate toxicity; while haloxyfop-p-ethyl and tralkoxydim were deemed to be the lowest toxic compounds among all tested pesticides after exposure times. In addition, the toxicity of all pesticides against larval and pupal stages of mosquito was increased gradually as exposure time increased especially after 72-h exposure for larvae and 48-h exposure for pupae. In conclusion, this is the first report on the side toxicity effects of haloxyfop-p-ethyl, tralkoxydim, penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium on immature stages (larvae and pupae) of Cx. pipiens mosquitos in Egypt.

The mosquito Culex pipiens is the most widely distributed dipteran species in all regions of Egypt and the principal vector of Wuchereria bancrofti and certain arboviruses in human beings. For controlling C. pipiens vector, biological tools (e.g., larvivorous fish and bioinsecticides) are more potent and safer options to the environment, human beings, and beneficial organisms than chemical pesticides. The efficiency of O. niloticus juveniles as predatory fish species and two bioinsecticides, spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12%, was investigated against the C. pipiens developmental stages in the laboratory. The first trial evaluated the predatory efficacy of small-sized O. niloticus (2.1–2.6 cm; 250–315 mg) and large-sized O. niloticus (2.5–3.2 cm; 250–315 mg) against the 3rd larvae and pupae of C. pipiens. This is the first report in Egypt confirming the predation potential of O. niloticus as efficient predatory fish against the immature C. pipiens. Large-sized O. niloticus predated a greater number of 3rd of C. pipiens larvae and pupae than the small-sized ones. Furthermore, the daily consumption of C. pipiens larvae by small- and large-sized O. niloticus was significantly higher than the pupae. The second trial assessed the toxicity efficacy of spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12% against C. pipiens larvae and pupae. The results confirmed that the tested bioinsecticides showed higher potency toward C. pipiens larvae than pupae after exposure for 24 h and 48 h. Spinosad was more toxic toward 3rd C. pipiens larvae (LC50 =0.013 and 0.003 mg/L) and pupae (LC50 =320.69 and 44.28 mg/L) than spinetoram after 24 and 48 h. Herein, O. niloticus juveniles (as promising native predatory fish) and spinosyns bioinsecticides were more effective against C. pipiens in the larval stage than in the pupal stage. In conclusion, Nile tilapia juveniles and biorational compounds, spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12%, might be considered as promising and favorable environmental biological agents for controlling C. pipiens in Egypt. However, further trials are needed to investigate the potential of these agents in the control of this mosquito vector under field conditions.

The mosquito Culex pipiens is the most widely distributed dipteran species in all regions of Egypt and the principal vector of Wuchereria bancrofti and certain arboviruses in human beings. For controlling C. pipiens vector, biological tools (e.g., larvivorous fish and bioinsecticides) are more potent and safer options to the environment, human beings, and beneficial organisms than chemical pesticides. The efficiency of O. niloticus juveniles as predatory fish species and two bioinsecticides, spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12%, was investigated against the C. pipiens developmental stages in the laboratory. The first trial evaluated the predatory efficacy of small-sized O. niloticus (2.1–2.6 cm; 250–315 mg) and large-sized O. niloticus (2.5–3.2 cm; 250–315 mg) against the 3rd larvae and pupae of C. pipiens. This is the first report in Egypt confirming the predation potential of O. niloticus as efficient predatory fish against the immature C. pipiens. Large-sized O. niloticus predated a greater number of 3rd of C. pipiens larvae and pupae than the small-sized ones. Furthermore, the daily consumption of C. pipiens larvae by small- and large-sized O. niloticus was significantly higher than the pupae. The second trial assessed the toxicity efficacy of spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12% against C. pipiens larvae and pupae. The results confirmed that the tested bioinsecticides showed higher potency toward C. pipiens larvae than pupae after exposure for 24 h and 48 h. Spinosad was more toxic toward 3rd C. pipiens larvae (LC50 =0.013 and 0.003 mg/L) and pupae (LC50 =320.69 and 44.28 mg/L) than spinetoram after 24 and 48 h. Herein, O. niloticus juveniles (as promising native predatory fish) and spinosyns bioinsecticides were more effective against C. pipiens in the larval stage than in the pupal stage. In conclusion, Nile tilapia juveniles and biorational compounds, spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12%, might be considered as promising and favorable environmental biological agents for controlling C. pipiens in Egypt. However, further trials are needed to investigate the potential of these agents in the control of this mosquito vector under field conditions.

The mosquito Culex pipiens is the most widely distributed dipteran species in all regions of Egypt and the principal vector of Wuchereria bancrofti and certain arboviruses in human beings. For controlling C. pipiens vector, biological tools (e.g., larvivorous fish and bioinsecticides) are more potent and safer options to the environment, human beings, and beneficial organisms than chemical pesticides. The efficiency of O. niloticus juveniles as predatory fish species and two bioinsecticides, spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12%, was investigated against the C. pipiens developmental stages in the laboratory. The first trial evaluated the predatory efficacy of small-sized O. niloticus (2.1–2.6 cm; 250–315 mg) and large-sized O. niloticus (2.5–3.2 cm; 250–315 mg) against the 3rd larvae and pupae of C. pipiens. This is the first report in Egypt confirming the predation potential of O. niloticus as efficient predatory fish against the immature C. pipiens. Large-sized O. niloticus predated a greater number of 3rd of C. pipiens larvae and pupae than the small-sized ones. Furthermore, the daily consumption of C. pipiens larvae by small- and large-sized O. niloticus was significantly higher than the pupae. The second trial assessed the toxicity efficacy of spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12% against C. pipiens larvae and pupae. The results confirmed that the tested bioinsecticides showed higher potency toward C. pipiens larvae than pupae after exposure for 24 h and 48 h. Spinosad was more toxic toward 3rd C. pipiens larvae (LC50 =0.013 and 0.003 mg/L) and pupae (LC50 =320.69 and 44.28 mg/L) than spinetoram after 24 and 48 h. Herein, O. niloticus juveniles (as promising native predatory fish) and spinosyns bioinsecticides were more effective against C. pipiens in the larval stage than in the pupal stage. In conclusion, Nile tilapia juveniles and biorational compounds, spinosad 24% and spinetoram 12%, might be considered as promising and favorable environmental biological agents for controlling C. pipiens in Egypt. However, further trials are needed to investigate the potential of these agents in the control of this mosquito vector under field conditions.

تشهد قضايا المرأة فى الفترة الأخيرة إهتماماً كبيراً فى جمهورية مصر العربية إيمانا بأهمية دورها فى تنمية المجتمع. إلا أن المرأة الريفية تعانى الكثير من ألوان التخلف ونقص الخدمات سواء كان التعليمية أو الصحية أو المعيشية رغم إنها تقوم بالعديد من الأدوار الهامة التى تدفع بعجلة التنمية الريفية. فبالرغم من المحاولات العديدة التى تقوم بها الدولة لتحسين وضع المرأة فى المجتمع لكن وضع المرأة الريفية لا يزال يحتاج الكثير من التطوير لان جميع البرامج المخصصة للمرأة كان المستفيد منها هو المرأة الحضرية أكثر من الريفية. فالمرأة الريفية تعانى من العزلة الاجتماعية. لذلك أهتم البحث الحالى بدراسة بعض النواحى الديموجرافية و الإجتماعية والإقتصادية والمعيشية الخاصة بكلا من المرأة الريفية والحضرية بمحافظة اسيوط وكذلك تحديد الفروق المعنوية بين المرأة بالريف والحضر فى تلك النواحى. ولتحقيق ذلك أعتمد البحث على نوعين من البيانات هى بيانات ثانوية من تعداد 2017 ، وبيانات أولية تم جمعها عن طريق استمارة استبيان أعدت لهذا الغرض حيث تم إختيار خمس مراكز بطريقة عشوائية وتم إختيار المدينة لتمثل الحضر ، واختيار قرية من كل مركز بطريقة عشوائية لتمثل الريف. وتم جمع البيانات من عينة قوامها 250 أسرة من كل من المدن والقرى المختارة. واتضح من بيانات التعداد الأخير 2017 أن هنا بعض الفروق بين المرأة الريفية والحضرية فى يعض الجوانب الاجتماعية والديموجرافية والاقتصادية. أوضحت البيانات التى تم جمعها من عينة البحث أن هناك بعض الفروق فى كثير من النواحى الديموجرافية مثل السن عندالزواج، السن المفضل لزواج الذكور، السن المفضل لزواج الاناث، عدد المواليد، عدد الاطفال المرغوب، استخدام وسائل تنظيم الاسرة. النواحى الاجتماعية تشمل الامور المتعلقة بالزواج، المشاركة فى اتخاذ القرارات، المشاركة المجتمعية، الانفتاح على العالم الخارجى، النواحى التعليمية تشمل تفضيل تعليم الابناء عن تعلمهم حرفة ، اهمية تعليم البنت. تشمل النواحى الصحية التردد على الطبيب اثناء الحمل ، المواظبة على تطعيم الاطفال، استخدام الوصفات البلدية فى العلاج. تشمل النواحى الاقتصادية وجود حساب فى البنك، وجود وثيقة تأمين، تفضيل العمل الخاص، المشاركة فى مصاريف المنزل. تشمل النواحى المعيشية الحالة الصحية للمسكن، بعض خصائص المسكن، النواحى الزراعية مثل ملكية الارض ، تربية الدواجن وتربية الحيوانات

تشهد قضايا المرأة فى الفترة الأخيرة إهتماماً كبيراً فى جمهورية مصر العربية إيمانا بأهمية دورها فى تنمية المجتمع. إلا أن المرأة الريفية تعانى الكثير من ألوان التخلف ونقص الخدمات سواء كان التعليمية أو الصحية أو المعيشية رغم إنها تقوم بالعديد من الأدوار الهامة التى تدفع بعجلة التنمية الريفية. فبالرغم من المحاولات العديدة التى تقوم بها الدولة لتحسين وضع المرأة فى المجتمع لكن وضع المرأة الريفية لا يزال يحتاج الكثير من التطوير لان جميع البرامج المخصصة للمرأة كان المستفيد منها هو المرأة الحضرية أكثر من الريفية. فالمرأة الريفية تعانى من العزلة الاجتماعية. لذلك أهتم البحث الحالى بدراسة بعض النواحى الديموجرافية و الإجتماعية والإقتصادية والمعيشية الخاصة بكلا من المرأة الريفية والحضرية بمحافظة اسيوط وكذلك تحديد الفروق المعنوية بين المرأة بالريف والحضر فى تلك النواحى. ولتحقيق ذلك أعتمد البحث على نوعين من البيانات هى بيانات ثانوية من تعداد 2017 ، وبيانات أولية تم جمعها عن طريق استمارة استبيان أعدت لهذا الغرض حيث تم إختيار خمس مراكز بطريقة عشوائية وتم إختيار المدينة لتمثل الحضر ، واختيار قرية من كل مركز بطريقة عشوائية لتمثل الريف. وتم جمع البيانات من عينة قوامها 250 أسرة من كل من المدن والقرى المختارة. واتضح من بيانات التعداد الأخير 2017 أن هنا بعض الفروق بين المرأة الريفية والحضرية فى يعض الجوانب الاجتماعية والديموجرافية والاقتصادية. أوضحت البيانات التى تم جمعها من عينة البحث أن هناك بعض الفروق فى كثير من النواحى الديموجرافية مثل السن عندالزواج، السن المفضل لزواج الذكور، السن المفضل لزواج الاناث، عدد المواليد، عدد الاطفال المرغوب، استخدام وسائل تنظيم الاسرة. النواحى الاجتماعية تشمل الامور المتعلقة بالزواج، المشاركة فى اتخاذ القرارات، المشاركة المجتمعية، الانفتاح على العالم الخارجى، النواحى التعليمية تشمل تفضيل تعليم الابناء عن تعلمهم حرفة ، اهمية تعليم البنت. تشمل النواحى الصحية التردد على الطبيب اثناء الحمل ، المواظبة على تطعيم الاطفال، استخدام الوصفات البلدية فى العلاج. تشمل النواحى الاقتصادية وجود حساب فى البنك، وجود وثيقة تأمين، تفضيل العمل الخاص، المشاركة فى مصاريف المنزل. تشمل النواحى المعيشية الحالة الصحية للمسكن، بعض خصائص المسكن، النواحى الزراعية مثل ملكية الارض ، تربية الدواجن وتربية الحيوانات