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A half diallel set of five- parents of pea (Pisum sativum L.) was carried out to study the inheritance of five seed quality traits in addition to the differences in protein patterns. The studied traits were evaluated, 100 green seed weight, sugar percentage, starch percentage and protein content. The variances of SCA were higher in magnitude than those of GCA for total sugar and starch contents which indicated that dominance effects were higher than the additive effects for these characters. Both additive and dominance effects are important in controlling protein content. Meanwhile, the variance of GCA exceeded SCA by 50 fold in 100 green seed weight indicated the predominance of additive effects in the inheritance of such trait than dominance effects. The cultivars Lincoln and Victory Freezer displayed the highest significant “gi” positive values for total sugar and 100 green seed weight. Both Master B and Dwarf Gray Sugar followed by Alaska were the best combiners for starch and protein contents. Dominance effects due to specific crosses and/or epistasis were found for all studied characters. Negative and significant correlations were observed between total sugar content and each of starch and protein contents. The electrophoretic analysis of protein profiles revealed genetic differences among the tested parents as well as between their F1 crosses. Most of these noticeable variations are the existence of high numbers of protein bands in the hybrids as compared with their parents. The relationships among the five garden pea varieties were studied using the UPGMA cluster analysis based on data recorded from their protein profiles and the four seed traits.

A half diallel set of five- parents of pea (Pisum sativum L.) was carried out to study the inheritance of five seed quality traits in addition to the differences in protein patterns. The studied traits were evaluated, 100 green seed weight, sugar percentage, starch percentage and protein content. The variances of SCA were higher in magnitude than those of GCA for total sugar and starch contents which indicated that dominance effects were higher than the additive effects for these characters. Both additive and dominance effects are important in controlling protein content. Meanwhile, the variance of GCA exceeded SCA by 50 fold in 100 green seed weight indicated the predominance of additive effects in the inheritance of such trait than dominance effects. The cultivars Lincoln and Victory Freezer displayed the highest significant “gi” positive values for total sugar and 100 green seed weight. Both Master B and Dwarf Gray Sugar followed by Alaska were the best combiners for starch and protein contents. Dominance effects due to specific crosses and/or epistasis were found for all studied characters. Negative and significant correlations were observed between total sugar content and each of starch and protein contents. The electrophoretic analysis of protein profiles revealed genetic differences among the tested parents as well as between their F1 crosses. Most of these noticeable variations are the existence of high numbers of protein bands in the hybrids as compared with their parents. The relationships among the five garden pea varieties were studied using the UPGMA cluster analysis based on data recorded from their protein profiles and the four seed traits.

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Abstract Sewage sludge was treated with some Ni stabilizers including silica gel (Si), cement by- pass (CB) and iron oxide (FO) to reduce its availability in the soil, and absorption by onion plants (direct effect) in the first season and Jew's mallow plants (residual effect) in the second season. A loamy sand soil was amended only before the first season with sewage sludge treatments including 10 and 20% Si, CB and FO treated sludge as well as Si + CB, Si + FO and CB + FO treated ones. Sludge treated with 20% Si was the best one in reducing Ni effects in the soil and plants, it also increased the length, shoot and bulb fresh weights, shoot and bulb dry weight of onion plants by 17.2, 148.5, 6.99, 127.8 and 159.2%, respectively, compared to the control. However, the untreated sludge application increased the soil extractable Ni from 0.30 mg/kg in the control to 2.79 mg/kg after the harvest of onion plants. Amending the soil with sludge treated with FO + CB, Si+ CB and Si+ FO significantly reduced the soil extractable Ni 100% of that amended with untreated sludge after onion harvest. The extractable Ni significantly decreased after Jew's mallow harvest from 0.30, 2.79, 1.15, 3.47 and 2.52 mg/kg to 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.52 and 1.27 mg/kg with the control, untreated sludge, 10% CB, 20% CB and 10% FO treatments, respectively. In the first season (direct effect), sludge amended with Si+ FO was the best treatment that reduced Ni content of the shoots and bulbs by 71.6 and 75.6% compared to the control. Moreover, in the second season (residual effect), sludge amended with 20% Si was the best treatment that reduced the Ni content of Jew's mallow plants by 71.8% and 66.8% compared to the control.

Abstract Sewage sludge was treated with some Ni stabilizers including silica gel (Si), cement by- pass (CB) and iron oxide (FO) to reduce its availability in the soil, and absorption by onion plants (direct effect) in the first season and Jew's mallow plants (residual effect) in the second season. A loamy sand soil was amended only before the first season with sewage sludge treatments including 10 and 20% Si, CB and FO treated sludge as well as Si + CB, Si + FO and CB + FO treated ones. Sludge treated with 20% Si was the best one in reducing Ni effects in the soil and plants, it also increased the length, shoot and bulb fresh weights, shoot and bulb dry weight of onion plants by 17.2, 148.5, 6.99, 127.8 and 159.2%, respectively, compared to the control. However, the untreated sludge application increased the soil extractable Ni from 0.30 mg/kg in the control to 2.79 mg/kg after the harvest of onion plants. Amending the soil with sludge treated with FO + CB, Si+ CB and Si+ FO significantly reduced the soil extractable Ni 100% of that amended with untreated sludge after onion harvest. The extractable Ni significantly decreased after Jew's mallow harvest from 0.30, 2.79, 1.15, 3.47 and 2.52 mg/kg to 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.52 and 1.27 mg/kg with the control, untreated sludge, 10% CB, 20% CB and 10% FO treatments, respectively. In the first season (direct effect), sludge amended with Si+ FO was the best treatment that reduced Ni content of the shoots and bulbs by 71.6 and 75.6% compared to the control. Moreover, in the second season (residual effect), sludge amended with 20% Si was the best treatment that reduced the Ni content of Jew's mallow plants by 71.8% and 66.8% compared to the control.

Abstract Sewage sludge was treated with some Ni stabilizers including silica gel (Si), cement by- pass (CB) and iron oxide (FO) to reduce its availability in the soil, and absorption by onion plants (direct effect) in the first season and Jew's mallow plants (residual effect) in the second season. A loamy sand soil was amended only before the first season with sewage sludge treatments including 10 and 20% Si, CB and FO treated sludge as well as Si + CB, Si + FO and CB + FO treated ones. Sludge treated with 20% Si was the best one in reducing Ni effects in the soil and plants, it also increased the length, shoot and bulb fresh weights, shoot and bulb dry weight of onion plants by 17.2, 148.5, 6.99, 127.8 and 159.2%, respectively, compared to the control. However, the untreated sludge application increased the soil extractable Ni from 0.30 mg/kg in the control to 2.79 mg/kg after the harvest of onion plants. Amending the soil with sludge treated with FO + CB, Si+ CB and Si+ FO significantly reduced the soil extractable Ni 100% of that amended with untreated sludge after onion harvest. The extractable Ni significantly decreased after Jew's mallow harvest from 0.30, 2.79, 1.15, 3.47 and 2.52 mg/kg to 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.52 and 1.27 mg/kg with the control, untreated sludge, 10% CB, 20% CB and 10% FO treatments, respectively. In the first season (direct effect), sludge amended with Si+ FO was the best treatment that reduced Ni content of the shoots and bulbs by 71.6 and 75.6% compared to the control. Moreover, in the second season (residual effect), sludge amended with 20% Si was the best treatment that reduced the Ni content of Jew's mallow plants by 71.8% and 66.8% compared to the control.

A field experiment was conducted at Mallawi Agriculture Research Station Farm – El-Minia Governorate, Egypt in two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 (plant crops) to find out the influence of gypsum, filter mud cake with inorganic fertilization on chemical composition and juice quality of three sugarcane varieties. The obtained results could be summarized as follow: Gypsum rates had insignificant effect on leaves consists of P and K and significantly on the percentages of N, S and Ca of sugarcane leaves in the both seasons. Each increment in gypsum rate was associated with a significant increase in juice quality (brix% and sucrose%) in the two seasons. Juice purity% and reducing sugars% significantly affected by gypsum rates only in the first season, but the same traits showed insignificant response to gypsum rates in the second growing season. As for, filter mud cake with inorganic fertilization, the data cleared that fertilization had a significant effects on the traits of N, P, K, S and Ca leaves consist, juice quality traits (brix, sucrose and reducing sugars percentages) in the first and the second growing seasons. Juice purity percentage significantly affected only in the 1st season. Also, varieties differed significantly in respect to the traits of N, P and K leaves consists and brix% in the first and the second growing seasons, but had insignificant effect in repect of S and Ca leaves concentrations, purity% and reducing sugars% not only in the first season but also in the second one as well as it had significant effect on sucrose% in the second growing season. The second order interaction showed insignificant effects on N, P, S and Ca leaf concentrations, significant effect on brix and sucrose percentages in the first and the second growing seasons, while it showed significant effect in K concentration in the second season only, however it had a significant effect on purity and reducing sugars percentages only in the first growing season.

A field experiment was conducted at Mallawi Agriculture Research Station Farm – El-Minia Governorate, Egypt in two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 (plant crops) to find out the influence of gypsum, filter mud cake with inorganic fertilization on chemical composition and juice quality of three sugarcane varieties. The obtained results could be summarized as follow: Gypsum rates had insignificant effect on leaves consists of P and K and significantly on the percentages of N, S and Ca of sugarcane leaves in the both seasons. Each increment in gypsum rate was associated with a significant increase in juice quality (brix% and sucrose%) in the two seasons. Juice purity% and reducing sugars% significantly affected by gypsum rates only in the first season, but the same traits showed insignificant response to gypsum rates in the second growing season. As for, filter mud cake with inorganic fertilization, the data cleared that fertilization had a significant effects on the traits of N, P, K, S and Ca leaves consist, juice quality traits (brix, sucrose and reducing sugars percentages) in the first and the second growing seasons. Juice purity percentage significantly affected only in the 1st season. Also, varieties differed significantly in respect to the traits of N, P and K leaves consists and brix% in the first and the second growing seasons, but had insignificant effect in repect of S and Ca leaves concentrations, purity% and reducing sugars% not only in the first season but also in the second one as well as it had significant effect on sucrose% in the second growing season. The second order interaction showed insignificant effects on N, P, S and Ca leaf concentrations, significant effect on brix and sucrose percentages in the first and the second growing seasons, while it showed significant effect in K concentration in the second season only, however it had a significant effect on purity and reducing sugars percentages only in the first growing season.