Climate change-related droughts that recur frequently are one of the biggest obstacles to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Worldwide, attempts are being done to establish drought-resistant cultivars. However, progress is slow since drought tolerance is a complex trait controlled by numerous genes, and its expression is influenced by the environment. Phenotypic, biochemical physiological, and genotyping approaches are highlighted as critical research components for leveraging genetic variation in eight wheat genotypes. Treatments included eight spring wheat genotypes (IPK_040, IPK_046, IPK_050, IPK_071, IPK_105, WAS_007, WAS_024 and WAS_031), normal irrigation (NI), drought stress (D) (30% field capacity (FC)), normal irrigation with 0.5 mM SA (NSA), and drought treated with SA (DSA). The results revealed that there was a reduction in relative water content, an increase membrane leakage, and leaf chlorophyll content under drought stress. SA induced the defense responses against drought by increasing the osmolytes and the antioxidative enzymes activities. Compared to the NI group, the DSA treatment improved the water regulation, antioxidant capacity, and drought stress resistance. SA significantly reduced the deleterious effects of water stress on phenotyping more in WAS_ 024 and IPK_ 105 genotypes. The most responsive genotypes to salicylic acid were IPK_ 046 among the IPK genotypes, whereas WAS_031 genotype was amongst WAS genotypes based on the morpho-physiological traits. The findings of this study give a solid foundation for assessing drought resistance in T. aestivum and developing cultivation-specific water management methods.

Drought has a significant impact on rice yield by restricting the crop's ability to grow and develop. Producing rice cultivars adapted to water deficit conditions is still the main interest of rice breeders and geneticists. To address this challenge, a set of 413 highly diverse rice populations were evaluated under normal and water deficit conditions for two growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. High genetic variation was found among genotypes for all studied traits. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.82 (panicle length) to 0.95 (plant height). Sterility percentage (SET%) was the most trait affected by water deficit in two growing seasons. 22 Rice genotypes were classified as drought tolerant in both years. Genome-wide association mapping was performed for all traits in the two growing seasons under both conditions using a total of 700,000 SNPs. The GWAS results revealed important and major SNPs associated with all traits. 26 Significant SNPs with stable allele effects were found to be associated with yield traits under water deficit conditions in both years. The results of this study provided rice genotypes that can be adapted under water deficit conditions and important stable SNP markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection after validation in different genetic backgrounds.

Faba bean is an important legume crop. The genetic diversity among faba bean genotypes is very important for the genetic improvement of target traits. A set of 128 fab bean genotypes that are originally from Egypt were used in this study to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure. The 128 genotypes were genotyped using the Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET) by which a set of 6759 SNP markers were generated after filtration. The SNP markers were distributed on all chromosomes with a range extending from 822 (Chr. 6) to 1872 (Chr.1). The SNP markers had wide ranges of polymorphic information content (PIC), gene diversity (GD), and minor allele frequency. The analysis of population structure divided the Egyptian faba bean population into five subpopulations. Considerable genetic distance was found among all genotypes, ranging from 0.1 to 0.4. The highly divergent genotype 

This study evaluated the effects of different feed additives on growth performance and heat stress mitigation in
broiler chickens. Three hundred 1-d-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments, each
treatment contained six replicates (10 birds/replicate). Treatment 1 (-Control) was fed a basal diet (BD) under
thermo-neutral conditions between d 1 and 42 of age. Treatment 2 (+Control) also fed the BD under thermoneutral conditions from d 1 to 28 of age, followed by exposure to cyclic heat stress (HS; 36◦C between 0900
and 1700 h, then to 24◦C between 1700 and 0900 h daily) during the fifth week. During the fifth week,
Treatments 3, 4, and 5 underwent the same HS regime and fed the same BD containing 15g/kg of thyme oil (TO),
cinnamon oil (CO), and pomegranate oil (PO) from d 1 to 42, respectively. Compared to the thermoneutral
control, HS control exhibited lower ADFI, higher FCR, increased mortality rate, altered plasma biochemicals, and
reduced anti-oxidant capacity. Broilers supplemented with PO showed a 14.4 % increase in final BW and a 25.8
% in ADG during recovery period. FCR was improved by 16.9 %, and mortality dropped to 6 % compared to 10 %
in the HS control, suggesting reduced losses under heat stress. TO and CO treatments also showed beneficial
effects compared to the HS control group. The supplemented feed additives decreased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde content, while increasing plasma glutathione peroxidase activity and total
antioxidant capacity relative to the HS control. TO, CO, and PO treatments exhibited higher plasma superoxide
dismutase activity compared to the HS control. All supplemented treatments showed lower H/L ratio compared
to HS control (P < 0.05). The PO and TO treatments exhibited an increased jejunal villus/crypt ratio relative to
the control groups. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with PO, TO, and CO can alleviate heat stress
effects, improve growth performance, and potentially boost profitability for poultry farmers, with PO providing
the most significant benefits in both thermoneutral and heat stress conditions.
 

The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors concerned with self-sufficiency in agricultural crops and food security, but these crops are threatened by many pests that cause severe infestation and decrease productivity. Pesticides play a vital role in pest control in that they are a quick and effective tool for reducing the severity of pest infestations. However, because of irresponsible and unwise use of pesticides, this led to an increase in pesticide residues in environmental components to the point that they became toxic to the environment and living organisms. Residual pesticides have the potential to stay at the application site longer due to their persistence. The current trend is to eliminate these residues through cost-effective, sustainable, economic, and ecologically friendly means. Among these techniques, using aquatic plants to eliminate pesticides and their harmful effects is one of the most significant. Multiple matrices have been subjected to remediation procedures classified as biological, chemical, physical, and physicochemical, which aim to eliminate organic and inorganic contaminants. Biological remediation, which comprises phytoremediation and bioremediation, has been used to clean up contaminated areas because of its low-cost energy efficiency and environmental friendliness.

Plant diseases significantly threaten global food security, with viral infections, particularly Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV), causing substantial losses in economically important crops such as squash. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of beneficial bacteria isolated from various plants in promoting growth and mitigating the effects of WMV in squash. Understanding the interactions between plants and beneficial microbes could provide sustainable solutions for managing viral infections in agriculture. Sixty-two bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of basil, mint, thyme, and squash plants. Among these, six strains exhibited notable plant growth-promoting activities, including the synthesis of indole acetic acid, solubilization of phosphate and zinc, ammonia production, and activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD). Morphological observations and 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified these isolates as Pseudomonas indica, Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycoides, Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, and Niallia circulans. In pot experiments, squash plants inoculated with these bacterial strains demonstrated significant reductions in disease severity after being infected with WMV. Specifically, foliar applications of the bacteria resulted in the following reductions in disease severity: B. mycoides (87%), B. thuringiensis (73%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus (73%), Niallia circulans (70%), B. paramycoides (65%), and Pseudomonas indica (65%). Additionally, plants treated with B. mycoides showed increased plant height and shoot dry weight, indicating enhanced growth performance relative to infected controls. Statistical analysis revealed that these growth promotions and disease severity reduction were significant (p < 0.05). GC–MS analysis of the six bacterial strains revealed a diverse array of 73 chemical metabolites, including common compounds such as 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), benzene derivatives, and cyclopentanones. These findings suggest shared metabolic pathways among the strains and indicate potential roles in ecological interactions, plant defense mechanisms, and antiviral properties. These metabolites likely contribute to the observed reductions in viral severity and enhance plant resilience. The study indicates that inoculating squash plants with specific beneficial bacteria, especially B. mycoides, through foliar or soil application can significantly decrease the severity of WMV and promote plant growth. This approach offers an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical antiviral treatments and may reduce reliance on pesticides. This research highlights the potential of using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB)as a sustainable approach to control viral infections in crops. Further field trials are necessary to PGPB validate the scalability of these findings and assess their effectiveness under diverse agricultural conditions. Incorporating these beneficial microbes into agricultural practices could enhance the resilience of cropping systems, ultimately fostering sustainable agriculture and enhancing food security.