Yield, chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and sensory acceptability of Panela cheese produced from cows grazing in an intensive silvopastoral system (ISS) with Leucaena leucocephala and Cynodon nlemfuensis were evaluated and compared with Panela cheese from cows grazing a monoculture system (MS) of C. nlemfuensis only. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks in a tropical area in Mexico using ten crossbred cows (30–90 days of milking) assigned homogenously as five cows in each experimental group. No significant differences were found between the two systems for milk and cheese gross composition. Panela cheese from ISS showed lower content of the hypercholesterolemic fatty acids, accompanied with higher content of omega-3, omega-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, Panela cheese from ISS showed higher preference for the attributes of appearance, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability. It is concluded that Panela cheese from cows grazing in ISS has better acceptability and nutritional properties than that produced from MS with grass only.

Intensive silvopastoral systems are being increasingly disseminated in the tropical areas of Mexico, Central and South America, so it is important to know the quality of the animal products generated in these systems. Fatty acid profile of fresh soft cheese (Domiati type) produced from milk of cows grazing Leucaena leucocephala associated with Cynodon nlemfuensis in an intensive silvopastoral system (ISS) was evaluated and compared with a cheese produced from cows grazing a traditional monoculture system (MS) of C. nlemfuensis. The legume L. leucocephala contains phenolic compounds that could affect the fatty acid biohydrogenation in the rumen and therefore the fatty acid profile of resultant milk and cheese. Milk samples from cows in both diets (systems) were processed monthly for cheese making and cheese samples were analyzed for fatty acid profile. The experimental period lasted for 10 months covering the rainy and dry season of a tropical area in Mexico. The results showed that the cheese produced in ISS had significantly lower content (P0.05) of the saturated fatty acids lauric, myristic and palmitic and significantly higher content (P0.05) of stearic, linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. Additionally, higher content (P0.05) of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids were found in the cheese from ISS. The results suggest that fresh soft cheese produced from silvopastoral systems based on L. leucocephala has a better fatty acid profile than that produced from the traditional MS with grass only.

TO CHARACTERIZE FHB resistance, a set of 48 advanced inbred lines (AILs) along with two Egyptian cultivars (Sakha-93 and Giza-168) were evaluated for their resistance to the FHB during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 under both greenhouse and field conditions. We identified some resistant AILs to the FHB including 37, 35 and 22 based on percentages of diseased spikelets under both greenhouse and field conditions and free phenolic compounds along with grain yield (GY) under the field condition. While most of the AILs were susceptible to the FHB. Three resistant AILs, three susceptible AILs and an Egyptian susceptible cultivar were crossed in a half–diallel mating system. The parents and the non–reciprocal F1 crosses were evaluated for their response to the FHB under infected conditions in both greenhouse and field conditions. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all studied traits. Both additive and non–additive describes for resistance to the FHB; however, different calculations supported that additive gene action is the preponderant constituent. The moderately high estimates of narrow–sense heritability values implied that further improvement of the FHB resistance could be accomplished through selection. We found that AILs 22, 35 and 37 were good combiners and successfully conveyed their resistant genes to their offspring based on the SCA. These resistant AILs could be integrated in wheat breeding programs using bi-parental or multi-parental populations to develop new resistant varieties to FHB. In addition, they can be exploited to improve existing cultivars using backcrossing approach.

TO CHARACTERIZE FHB resistance, a set of 48 advanced inbred lines (AILs) along with two Egyptian cultivars (Sakha-93 and Giza-168) were evaluated for their resistance to the FHB during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 under both greenhouse and field conditions. We identified some resistant AILs to the FHB including 37, 35 and 22 based on percentages of diseased spikelets under both greenhouse and field conditions and free phenolic compounds along with grain yield (GY) under the field condition. While most of the AILs were susceptible to the FHB. Three resistant AILs, three susceptible AILs and an Egyptian susceptible cultivar were crossed in a half–diallel mating system. The parents and the non–reciprocal F1 crosses were evaluated for their response to the FHB under infected conditions in both greenhouse and field conditions. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all studied traits. Both additive and non–additive describes for resistance to the FHB; however, different calculations supported that additive gene action is the preponderant constituent. The moderately high estimates of narrow–sense heritability values implied that further improvement of the FHB resistance could be accomplished through selection. We found that AILs 22, 35 and 37 were good combiners and successfully conveyed their resistant genes to their offspring based on the SCA. These resistant AILs could be integrated in wheat breeding programs using bi-parental or multi-parental populations to develop new resistant varieties to FHB. In addition, they can be exploited to improve existing cultivars using backcrossing approach.

This study was conducted to evaluate Egyptian propolis to control tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In vitro, three concentrations of water extract of propolis [1 mg/mL (PC1); 10 mg/mL (PC2); and 100 mg/mL (PC3)] showed antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum. All concentrations significantly reduced the growth of the pathogen compared to control treatment, PC3 caused the highest growth reduction while PC1 caused the lowest reduction compared to water treatment. When the above three concentrations were applied to tomato seeds under laboratory conditions, they improved seed germination relative to control seeds treated with sterile distilled water. In both greenhouse and field experiments, PC3 gave a higher reduction in disease severity than PC1 and PC2; also this concentration caused the highest biomass percentage under greenhouse conditions. As recorded in field experiments, PC3 treatment resulted in a control efficacy of 76.9 and 71.7%, respectively, in two trial seasons. The highest increase percentage of yield per plant was recorded for PC3.

This study was conducted to evaluate Egyptian propolis to control tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In vitro, three concentrations of water extract of propolis [1 mg/mL (PC1); 10 mg/mL (PC2); and 100 mg/mL (PC3)] showed antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum. All concentrations significantly reduced the growth of the pathogen compared to control treatment, PC3 caused the highest growth reduction while PC1 caused the lowest reduction compared to water treatment. When the above three concentrations were applied to tomato seeds under laboratory conditions, they improved seed germination relative to control seeds treated with sterile distilled water. In both greenhouse and field experiments, PC3 gave a higher reduction in disease severity than PC1 and PC2; also this concentration caused the highest biomass percentage under greenhouse conditions. As recorded in field experiments, PC3 treatment resulted in a control efficacy of 76.9 and 71.7%, respectively, in two trial seasons. The highest increase percentage of yield per plant was recorded for PC3.

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